Internal carburization and scale formation on austenitic steels in supercritical carbon dioxide

B. A. Pint; Y. F. Su; M. J. Lance; R. Pillai; J. R. Keiser

doi:10.1080/09603409.2023.2219875

Internal carburization and scale formation on austenitic steels in supercritical carbon dioxide

B. A. Pint, Y. F. Su, M. J. Lance, R. Pillai, J. R. Keiser

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Direct-fired supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) power cycles are being commercialised to revolutionise fossil energy as a low-emission power source. To lower the cost of this technology, less expensive steels are needed in the lower temperature segments of the cycle. However, there are concerns about internal carburisation of steels in sCO₂. ¹ A consistent observation is that thin, Cr-rich oxides appear to reduce C ingress compared to thick Fe-rich oxides formed on 9–12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels. Advanced austenitic stainless steels (SS) like alloy 709 (20Cr-25Ni) are able to continue to form Cr-rich oxides at 650°C, while a conventional type 316 H SS formed a Fe-rich scale. The C diffusion profiles in SS specimens were quantified at 550°C–650°C using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to compare the thin protective Cr-rich oxide formed on alloy 709 in sCO₂ at 650°C to that formed in ambient air.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	308-317
Number of pages	10
Journal	Materials at High Temperatures
Volume	40
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2023.2219875
State	Published - 2023

Funding

The work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management, Advanced Materials Program [Field Work Proposal FEAA144] The authors are grateful to Tenaris (T91), EPRI (VM12), Special Metals (740 H) and Sam Sham at INL (US heat of alloy 709) for supplying the materials. The experimental work was conducted by B. Johnston, T. Lowe, V. Cox and D. Newberry at ORNL. M. Romedenne and S. Dryepondt provided useful comments on the manuscript. The STEM work was supported by the Office of Nuclear Energy, Fuel Cycle R&D Program and the Nuclear Science User Facilities. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide licence to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). Acknowledgments

Funders	Funder number
Sam Sham	709
U.S. Department of Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Electric Power Research Institute
Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management	FEAA144

Keywords

alloy 709
analytical transmission electron microscopy
austenitic stainless steels
supercritical carbon dioxide

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1080/09603409.2023.2219875

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title = "Internal carburization and scale formation on austenitic steels in supercritical carbon dioxide",

abstract = "Direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being commercialised to revolutionise fossil energy as a low-emission power source. To lower the cost of this technology, less expensive steels are needed in the lower temperature segments of the cycle. However, there are concerns about internal carburisation of steels in sCO2. 1 A consistent observation is that thin, Cr-rich oxides appear to reduce C ingress compared to thick Fe-rich oxides formed on 9–12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels. Advanced austenitic stainless steels (SS) like alloy 709 (20Cr-25Ni) are able to continue to form Cr-rich oxides at 650°C, while a conventional type 316 H SS formed a Fe-rich scale. The C diffusion profiles in SS specimens were quantified at 550°C–650°C using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to compare the thin protective Cr-rich oxide formed on alloy 709 in sCO2 at 650°C to that formed in ambient air.",

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AU - Su, Y. F.

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AU - Pillai, R.

AU - Keiser, J. R.

PY - 2023

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N2 - Direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being commercialised to revolutionise fossil energy as a low-emission power source. To lower the cost of this technology, less expensive steels are needed in the lower temperature segments of the cycle. However, there are concerns about internal carburisation of steels in sCO2. 1 A consistent observation is that thin, Cr-rich oxides appear to reduce C ingress compared to thick Fe-rich oxides formed on 9–12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels. Advanced austenitic stainless steels (SS) like alloy 709 (20Cr-25Ni) are able to continue to form Cr-rich oxides at 650°C, while a conventional type 316 H SS formed a Fe-rich scale. The C diffusion profiles in SS specimens were quantified at 550°C–650°C using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to compare the thin protective Cr-rich oxide formed on alloy 709 in sCO2 at 650°C to that formed in ambient air.

AB - Direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being commercialised to revolutionise fossil energy as a low-emission power source. To lower the cost of this technology, less expensive steels are needed in the lower temperature segments of the cycle. However, there are concerns about internal carburisation of steels in sCO2. 1 A consistent observation is that thin, Cr-rich oxides appear to reduce C ingress compared to thick Fe-rich oxides formed on 9–12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels. Advanced austenitic stainless steels (SS) like alloy 709 (20Cr-25Ni) are able to continue to form Cr-rich oxides at 650°C, while a conventional type 316 H SS formed a Fe-rich scale. The C diffusion profiles in SS specimens were quantified at 550°C–650°C using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to compare the thin protective Cr-rich oxide formed on alloy 709 in sCO2 at 650°C to that formed in ambient air.

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Internal carburization and scale formation on austenitic steels in supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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