Internal arcing and lightning strike damage in short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Vipin Kumar; Pritesh S. Yeole; Nitilaksha Hiremath; Ryan Spencer; Kazi Md Masum Billah; Uday Vaidya; Mostafa Hasanian; Merlin Theodore; Seokpum Kim; Ahmed Arabi Hassen; Vlastimil Kunc

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108525

Internal arcing and lightning strike damage in short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Vipin Kumar, Pritesh S. Yeole, Nitilaksha Hiremath, Ryan Spencer, Kazi Md Masum Billah, Uday Vaidya, Mostafa Hasanian, Merlin Theodore, Seokpum Kim, Ahmed Arabi Hassen, Vlastimil Kunc

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

39 Scopus citations

Abstract

Short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (S-CFRTP) are currently used in interior parts of aircraft such as electronic circuitry and assemblies, and their usage in aircraft's exterior is also being studied. A lightning strike study on S-CFRTPs is presented in this paper. High performance thermoplastics such as a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) reinforced with 50% weight (wt.) short carbon fiber (CF), a polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU) reinforced with 25 % wt. Short CF and a acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with 20 % wt. short CF were tested against artificial lightning strikes. All samples were prepared using an extrusion compression molding (ECM) technique. A modified component A (100 kA) of lightning waveform, as defined by SAE ARP 5412-B, was applied. High speed imaging, thermography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation were performed to understand the effect of lightning strikes on the thermoplastic panels. The results show that electrical conductivity of the composite, thermal stability of the polymers, and CF orientation significantly affected the damage from artificial lightning strikes. PPS composite had the highest resilience against lightning strike damage, retaining 95% and 89% residual flexural strength and modulus, respectively. CF exfoliation due to internal arcing was observed in the carbon fiber-reinforced ABS polymer (CF-ABS) composite. CF exfoliation damage has been reported for the first time.

Original language	English
Article number	108525
Journal	Composites Science and Technology
Volume	201
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108525
State	Published - Jan 5 2021

Funding

This research was supported by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Advanced Manufacturing Office and used resources at the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, a DOE-EERE User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Special thanks to Dr. Valery Godinez-Azcuaga at MISTRAS group for ultrasonic testing, Alex Stiles for his review and input, and Dr. Peter Lloyd for designing and executing the controlled arc experiment. This research was supported by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ( EERE ), Advanced Manufacturing Office and used resources at the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, a DOE- EERE User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Special thanks to Dr. Valery Godinez-Azcuaga at MISTRAS group for ultrasonic testing, Alex Stiles for his review and input, and Dr. Peter Lloyd for designing and executing the controlled arc experiment. This manuscript has been authored by UT-BATTELLE, LLC under contract no. De-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States government purposes. The department of energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE public access plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).

Keywords

Electrical conductivity of short-fiber composites
Fiber exfoliation
Thermoplastic composite lightning protection

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10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108525

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title = "Internal arcing and lightning strike damage in short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites",

abstract = "Short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (S-CFRTP) are currently used in interior parts of aircraft such as electronic circuitry and assemblies, and their usage in aircraft's exterior is also being studied. A lightning strike study on S-CFRTPs is presented in this paper. High performance thermoplastics such as a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) reinforced with 50% weight (wt.) short carbon fiber (CF), a polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU) reinforced with 25 % wt. Short CF and a acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with 20 % wt. short CF were tested against artificial lightning strikes. All samples were prepared using an extrusion compression molding (ECM) technique. A modified component A (100 kA) of lightning waveform, as defined by SAE ARP 5412-B, was applied. High speed imaging, thermography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation were performed to understand the effect of lightning strikes on the thermoplastic panels. The results show that electrical conductivity of the composite, thermal stability of the polymers, and CF orientation significantly affected the damage from artificial lightning strikes. PPS composite had the highest resilience against lightning strike damage, retaining 95% and 89% residual flexural strength and modulus, respectively. CF exfoliation due to internal arcing was observed in the carbon fiber-reinforced ABS polymer (CF-ABS) composite. CF exfoliation damage has been reported for the first time.",

keywords = "Electrical conductivity of short-fiber composites, Fiber exfoliation, Thermoplastic composite lightning protection",

author = "Vipin Kumar and Yeole, {Pritesh S.} and Nitilaksha Hiremath and Ryan Spencer and Billah, {Kazi Md Masum} and Uday Vaidya and Mostafa Hasanian and Merlin Theodore and Seokpum Kim and Hassen, {Ahmed Arabi} and Vlastimil Kunc",

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AU - Kumar, Vipin

AU - Yeole, Pritesh S.

AU - Hiremath, Nitilaksha

AU - Spencer, Ryan

AU - Billah, Kazi Md Masum

AU - Vaidya, Uday

AU - Hasanian, Mostafa

AU - Theodore, Merlin

AU - Kim, Seokpum

AU - Hassen, Ahmed Arabi

AU - Kunc, Vlastimil

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AB - Short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (S-CFRTP) are currently used in interior parts of aircraft such as electronic circuitry and assemblies, and their usage in aircraft's exterior is also being studied. A lightning strike study on S-CFRTPs is presented in this paper. High performance thermoplastics such as a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) reinforced with 50% weight (wt.) short carbon fiber (CF), a polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU) reinforced with 25 % wt. Short CF and a acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with 20 % wt. short CF were tested against artificial lightning strikes. All samples were prepared using an extrusion compression molding (ECM) technique. A modified component A (100 kA) of lightning waveform, as defined by SAE ARP 5412-B, was applied. High speed imaging, thermography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation were performed to understand the effect of lightning strikes on the thermoplastic panels. The results show that electrical conductivity of the composite, thermal stability of the polymers, and CF orientation significantly affected the damage from artificial lightning strikes. PPS composite had the highest resilience against lightning strike damage, retaining 95% and 89% residual flexural strength and modulus, respectively. CF exfoliation due to internal arcing was observed in the carbon fiber-reinforced ABS polymer (CF-ABS) composite. CF exfoliation damage has been reported for the first time.

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Internal arcing and lightning strike damage in short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

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Keywords

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