In situ thermal study of Li _1+x [Ni ₁₃ Co ₁₃ Mn ₁₃] _1-x O ₂ using isothermal micro-clorimetric techniques

Li1+x [Ni13 Co13 Mn13] 1-x O2 Li half-cells were investigated using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC), and the results were quantitatively analyzed. The entropy change (dE/dT) calculated based on the IMC results during the charging process has the small range from -0.06 mV to -0.12 mVK, which agrees with the experimental results. The small dE/dT values could explain why Li1+x [Ni13 Co13 Mn13] 1-x O2 has better thermal stability than that of other nickel based layered oxide such as LiNi O2, Li Ni1-x Cox O2, and Li Ni1-x Coy Alz O2. Furthermore, the heat flow rate during the discharge process was also calculated from the cell's irreversible heat and the cell entropy change. The calculated values fit well the experimental data from the IMC results. This study also suggests the optimum voltage window of the operation of the cell based on Li1+x [Ni13 Co13 Mn13] 1-x O2 cathode is between 4.1 and 3.5 V due to both, the self-discharge of the cell at higher voltages and the higher impedance of the cell in lower voltage regions.