Abstract
Catalysts are the primary facilitator in many dynamic processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these processes has vast implications for a myriad of energy systems. The scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) is a powerful tool not only for atomic-scale characterization but also in situ catalytic experimentation. Techniques such as liquid and gas phase electron microscopy allow the observation of catalysts in an environment conducive to catalytic reactions. Correlated algorithms can greatly improve microscopy data processing and expand multidimensional data handling. Furthermore, new techniques including 4D-STEM, atomic electron tomography, cryogenic electron microscopy, and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) push the boundaries of our comprehension of catalyst behavior. In this review, we discuss the existing and emergent techniques for observing catalysts using S/TEM. Challenges and opportunities highlighted aim to inspire and accelerate the use of electron microscopy to further investigate the complex interplay of catalytic systems.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 8347-8394 |
| Number of pages | 48 |
| Journal | Chemical Reviews |
| Volume | 123 |
| Issue number | 13 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 12 2023 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Funding
This work is supported by an Early Career project supported by DOE Office of Science FWP no. ERKCZ55 (H.-Y.C., and K.V.). M.C. and J.M. acknowledges the support by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. Part of the work was performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. S.D. thanks the Shanghai Rising-Star Program (20QA1402400) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry and the Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center at East China University of Science and Technology. S.M. was partially supported by STROBE: A National Science Foundation Science & Technology Center under grant number DMR 1548924. W.P. was supported partially by the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and College of Engineering at North Carolina State University.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences | |
| College of Engineering at North Carolina State University | |
| Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center at East China University of Science and Technology | |
| School of Materials Science and Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| Office of Science | ERKCZ55 |
| Basic Energy Sciences | |
| Oak Ridge National Laboratory | |
| Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering | |
| BioXFEL Science and Technology Center | DMR 1548924 |
| Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities | |
| Shanghai Rising-Star Program | 20QA1402400 |