Improving the effectiveness and equity of fuel economy regulations with sales adjustment factors

Shiqi Ou; Zhenhong Lin; Chieh (Ross) Wang; Stacy Davis; Shasha Jiang; Michael Hilliard; Ho Ling Hwang; Xu Hao; Rujie Yu

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104902

Improving the effectiveness and equity of fuel economy regulations with sales adjustment factors

Shiqi Ou, Zhenhong Lin, Chieh (Ross) Wang, Stacy Davis, Shasha Jiang, Michael Hilliard, Ho Ling Hwang, Xu Hao, Rujie Yu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Larger vehicles, such as sports utility vehicles, consume more energy than cars. Their increasing popularity runs contrary to the goal of fuel economy regulations to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and can be explained by consumer preference and lower regulation stringency, which is due to footprint, truck classification, and the omission of heterogenous lifetime vehicle distance traveled among vehicle classes. This study shows that, for both the US and China, large vehicles travel more, last longer, and are owned by higher income consumers. This means large vehicles and their high-income owners use more fuel and emit more pollutants than represented by current policy and thus raises both policy effectiveness and energy equity concerns. We propose and estimate Sales Adjustment Factors that weigh fuel economy standards based on vehicle lifetime usage and demonstrate the resultant significant improvements in the effectiveness and equity of fuel economy regulations.

Original language	English
Article number	104902
Journal	iScience
Volume	25
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104902
State	Published - Sep 16 2022

Funding

This research was supported by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, and partially by Aramco Services Company. It also used resources at the National Transportation Research Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a User Facility of DOE's Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The authors are solely responsible for the views expressed in this study. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The U.S. government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). Conceptualization: Z.L. and S.O. Methodology: S.O. and Z.L. Data Curation: S.O. C.W. S.D. X.H. S.J. and R.Y. Formal analysis: S.O. Z.L. and C.W. Writing—Original Draft: S.O. C.W. and Z.L. Writing—Review & Editing: all authors. Visualization: S.O. and C.W. Supervision: Z.L. Funding acquisition: Z.L. Coauthor Zhenhong Lin (Z. L.) is currently an editorial board member of the journal. All coauthors declare scientific independence with no competing interests. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The U.S. government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). This research was supported by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy , Vehicle Technologies Office , and partially by Aramco Services Company. It also used resources at the National Transportation Research Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a User Facility of DOE’s Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The authors are solely responsible for the views expressed in this study.

Funders	Funder number
Aramco Services Company
DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy , Vehicle Technologies Office
DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office
DOE Public Access Plan
U.S. Government
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy	DE-AC05-00OR22725
Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Keywords

Energy management
Energy modeling
Energy policy
Energy resources
Energy transportation

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.isci.2022.104902

Cite this

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title = "Improving the effectiveness and equity of fuel economy regulations with sales adjustment factors",

abstract = "Larger vehicles, such as sports utility vehicles, consume more energy than cars. Their increasing popularity runs contrary to the goal of fuel economy regulations to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and can be explained by consumer preference and lower regulation stringency, which is due to footprint, truck classification, and the omission of heterogenous lifetime vehicle distance traveled among vehicle classes. This study shows that, for both the US and China, large vehicles travel more, last longer, and are owned by higher income consumers. This means large vehicles and their high-income owners use more fuel and emit more pollutants than represented by current policy and thus raises both policy effectiveness and energy equity concerns. We propose and estimate Sales Adjustment Factors that weigh fuel economy standards based on vehicle lifetime usage and demonstrate the resultant significant improvements in the effectiveness and equity of fuel economy regulations.",

keywords = "Energy management, Energy modeling, Energy policy, Energy resources, Energy transportation",

author = "Shiqi Ou and Zhenhong Lin and Wang, {Chieh (Ross)} and Stacy Davis and Shasha Jiang and Michael Hilliard and Hwang, {Ho Ling} and Xu Hao and Rujie Yu",

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AU - Ou, Shiqi

AU - Lin, Zhenhong

AU - Wang, Chieh (Ross)

AU - Davis, Stacy

AU - Jiang, Shasha

AU - Hilliard, Michael

AU - Hwang, Ho Ling

AU - Hao, Xu

AU - Yu, Rujie

PY - 2022/9/16

Y1 - 2022/9/16

N2 - Larger vehicles, such as sports utility vehicles, consume more energy than cars. Their increasing popularity runs contrary to the goal of fuel economy regulations to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and can be explained by consumer preference and lower regulation stringency, which is due to footprint, truck classification, and the omission of heterogenous lifetime vehicle distance traveled among vehicle classes. This study shows that, for both the US and China, large vehicles travel more, last longer, and are owned by higher income consumers. This means large vehicles and their high-income owners use more fuel and emit more pollutants than represented by current policy and thus raises both policy effectiveness and energy equity concerns. We propose and estimate Sales Adjustment Factors that weigh fuel economy standards based on vehicle lifetime usage and demonstrate the resultant significant improvements in the effectiveness and equity of fuel economy regulations.

AB - Larger vehicles, such as sports utility vehicles, consume more energy than cars. Their increasing popularity runs contrary to the goal of fuel economy regulations to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and can be explained by consumer preference and lower regulation stringency, which is due to footprint, truck classification, and the omission of heterogenous lifetime vehicle distance traveled among vehicle classes. This study shows that, for both the US and China, large vehicles travel more, last longer, and are owned by higher income consumers. This means large vehicles and their high-income owners use more fuel and emit more pollutants than represented by current policy and thus raises both policy effectiveness and energy equity concerns. We propose and estimate Sales Adjustment Factors that weigh fuel economy standards based on vehicle lifetime usage and demonstrate the resultant significant improvements in the effectiveness and equity of fuel economy regulations.

KW - Energy management

KW - Energy modeling

KW - Energy policy

KW - Energy resources

KW - Energy transportation

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Improving the effectiveness and equity of fuel economy regulations with sales adjustment factors

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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