Improvement of interfacial adhesion of unidirectional textile grade carbon fiber (TCF) with unsized, epoxy and urethane sizing reinforced in thermoset urethane composites

Surbhi Kore; Merlin Theodore; Renjith Pillai; Vinoy Thomas; Uday Vaidya

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102669

Improvement of interfacial adhesion of unidirectional textile grade carbon fiber (TCF) with unsized, epoxy and urethane sizing reinforced in thermoset urethane composites

Surbhi Kore
, Merlin Theodore
, Renjith Pillai
, Vinoy Thomas
, Uday Vaidya

Advanced Fibers Manufacturing

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

This work considers a unique wide tow (450k filaments) form of low-cost carbon fiber intended for non-aerospace applications. TCF is currently produced in epoxy and urethane sizing, and there is a need to understand its resulting composite properties. In this study, the interfacial adhesion of sized TCF reinforced in thermoset urethane (TSU) composites are examined through the surface, thermal and mechanical characterization techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed an increase in surface roughness for urethane (276%) and epoxy sized (78%) versus unsized TCF. XPS results showed 531% increase in O in epoxy sized TCF and 250% N content in urethane sized TCF compared to unsized TCF. The surface energy of epoxy and urethane sized TCF is enhanced by 78% and 96%, respectively compared to unsized TCF. The storage modulus showed improvement for urethane (23%) and epoxy (21%) sized than unsized TCF-TSU composites. The flexural, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and impact properties of urethane sized TCF increase by 24%, 50%, and 273%, respectively, than unsized TCF. The results demonstrate that the surface and thermal properties correlate with the mechanical properties of TCF-TSU composites and sizing enhances the wettability of the composites.

Original language	English
Article number	102669
Journal	Materials Today Communications
Volume	28
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102669
State	Published - Sep 2021

Funding

This work was supported by the by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), U.S. Department of Energy [grant numbers DE-EE0006926 ], the Institute of Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation (IACMI) and the Carbon Fiber Technology Facility (CFTF), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), TN, USA, for financial and facilities support, respectively. We gratefully acknowledge part of the graduate student support for this work funded by Grant # P42 ES027723-01A1 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA. Chomarat North America for the non-crimped weaving of the TCF is acknowledged.

Keywords

Epoxy sizing (TCF-E)
Surface
Textile grade carbon fiber (TCF)
Thermal and mechanical properties
Unsized (TCF-UN)
Urethane sizing (TCF-U)

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10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102669

Cite this

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title = "Improvement of interfacial adhesion of unidirectional textile grade carbon fiber (TCF) with unsized, epoxy and urethane sizing reinforced in thermoset urethane composites",

abstract = "This work considers a unique wide tow (450k filaments) form of low-cost carbon fiber intended for non-aerospace applications. TCF is currently produced in epoxy and urethane sizing, and there is a need to understand its resulting composite properties. In this study, the interfacial adhesion of sized TCF reinforced in thermoset urethane (TSU) composites are examined through the surface, thermal and mechanical characterization techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed an increase in surface roughness for urethane (276\%) and epoxy sized (78\%) versus unsized TCF. XPS results showed 531\% increase in O in epoxy sized TCF and 250\% N content in urethane sized TCF compared to unsized TCF. The surface energy of epoxy and urethane sized TCF is enhanced by 78\% and 96\%, respectively compared to unsized TCF. The storage modulus showed improvement for urethane (23\%) and epoxy (21\%) sized than unsized TCF-TSU composites. The flexural, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and impact properties of urethane sized TCF increase by 24\%, 50\%, and 273\%, respectively, than unsized TCF. The results demonstrate that the surface and thermal properties correlate with the mechanical properties of TCF-TSU composites and sizing enhances the wettability of the composites.",

keywords = "Epoxy sizing (TCF-E), Surface, Textile grade carbon fiber (TCF), Thermal and mechanical properties, Unsized (TCF-UN), Urethane sizing (TCF-U)",

author = "Surbhi Kore and Merlin Theodore and Renjith Pillai and Vinoy Thomas and Uday Vaidya",

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AU - Kore, Surbhi

AU - Theodore, Merlin

AU - Pillai, Renjith

AU - Thomas, Vinoy

AU - Vaidya, Uday

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - This work considers a unique wide tow (450k filaments) form of low-cost carbon fiber intended for non-aerospace applications. TCF is currently produced in epoxy and urethane sizing, and there is a need to understand its resulting composite properties. In this study, the interfacial adhesion of sized TCF reinforced in thermoset urethane (TSU) composites are examined through the surface, thermal and mechanical characterization techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed an increase in surface roughness for urethane (276%) and epoxy sized (78%) versus unsized TCF. XPS results showed 531% increase in O in epoxy sized TCF and 250% N content in urethane sized TCF compared to unsized TCF. The surface energy of epoxy and urethane sized TCF is enhanced by 78% and 96%, respectively compared to unsized TCF. The storage modulus showed improvement for urethane (23%) and epoxy (21%) sized than unsized TCF-TSU composites. The flexural, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and impact properties of urethane sized TCF increase by 24%, 50%, and 273%, respectively, than unsized TCF. The results demonstrate that the surface and thermal properties correlate with the mechanical properties of TCF-TSU composites and sizing enhances the wettability of the composites.

AB - This work considers a unique wide tow (450k filaments) form of low-cost carbon fiber intended for non-aerospace applications. TCF is currently produced in epoxy and urethane sizing, and there is a need to understand its resulting composite properties. In this study, the interfacial adhesion of sized TCF reinforced in thermoset urethane (TSU) composites are examined through the surface, thermal and mechanical characterization techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed an increase in surface roughness for urethane (276%) and epoxy sized (78%) versus unsized TCF. XPS results showed 531% increase in O in epoxy sized TCF and 250% N content in urethane sized TCF compared to unsized TCF. The surface energy of epoxy and urethane sized TCF is enhanced by 78% and 96%, respectively compared to unsized TCF. The storage modulus showed improvement for urethane (23%) and epoxy (21%) sized than unsized TCF-TSU composites. The flexural, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and impact properties of urethane sized TCF increase by 24%, 50%, and 273%, respectively, than unsized TCF. The results demonstrate that the surface and thermal properties correlate with the mechanical properties of TCF-TSU composites and sizing enhances the wettability of the composites.

KW - Epoxy sizing (TCF-E)

KW - Surface

KW - Textile grade carbon fiber (TCF)

KW - Thermal and mechanical properties

KW - Unsized (TCF-UN)

KW - Urethane sizing (TCF-U)

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DO - 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102669

M3 - Article

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VL - 28

JO - Materials Today Communications

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M1 - 102669

ER -

Improvement of interfacial adhesion of unidirectional textile grade carbon fiber (TCF) with unsized, epoxy and urethane sizing reinforced in thermoset urethane composites

Abstract

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Keywords

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