Abstract
Since multi-mode engine combustion strategies are being investigated as a pathway to increased vehicle fuel efficiency, a better understanding of particulate matter formation during the advanced compression ignition (ACI) modes and the resulting PM properties are of growing importance for mitigating PM emissions and/or developing emissions control strategies. ACI combustion strategies have demonstrated extremely low engine-out soot while achieving high break thermal efficiencies. However, US-regulated emissions for particulate matter (PM) are on a mass basis, which can consist of ash, soot or elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC). The composition of PM mass from ACI combustion ranges from nearly 100% OC to a mix of EC and OC particulates as the extent of fuel stratification increases. How the mass, compositions, and morphology of PM changes as fuel stratifies within the combustion chamber and what this can tell us about PM formation are presented through multi-cylinder, metal engine experiments. Using ACI modes ranging from homogeneous to highly stratified approaches, this study aimed to advance the understanding of how air-fuel stratification and fuel properties impact PM emissions formation; advanced gaseous and solid emission characterizations are also given. This study is part of a collaborative multi-lab initiative at the US Department of Energy that aims to simultaneously transform both transportation fuels and vehicles in order to maximize performance and energy efficiency, minimize environmental impact, and accelerate widespread adoption of innovative combustion strategies by providing the underlying science for this initiative.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 225-237 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Emission Control Science and Technology |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 15 2019 |
Funding
This research was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices. (Optional): Co-Optima is a collaborative project of multiple national laboratories and universities initiated to simultaneously accelerate the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable biofuels and high-efficiency, low-emission vehicle engines. The authors would like to acknowledge the help from Vitaly Prikhodko and Steve Whitted for assistance with the experimental setup and running the FTIR as well as Jim Szybist and Martin Wissink for valuable input on the experimental plan and Scott Sluder for providing the fuel for the experiments.
Keywords
- Advanced compression ignition
- EC/OC speciation
- HCCI
- Low-temperature combustion
- Particle sizing
- Particulate matter
