Impact of Sampling in the Operation of Vehicle to Grid and Its Mitigation

Governments across the world have plans for a deep penetration of electric vehicles in the near future, for the transportation sector. This will require robust communications between the entities of the charging infrastructure, viz., the grid, aggregators, controllers, charging stations (CSs) and the electric vehicles (EVs). For analyzing the vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle infrastructure, it is important to model the electrical as well as the communication network together. This will help in determining the influences of the communication network in the operation of the controller and grid. In this paper, a distribution system with five CSs and sampled data transmission between the entities are modeled and simulated in MATLAB Simulink for understanding the potential impact of the networked communication system on the grid operation. A fuzzy-logic controller (FLC) is used in the model. The performance of the FLC in terms of root mean square values is found to improve when the inputs (node voltage and total energy available in CSs) are synchronized at faster sampling rates. Furthermore, it is shown that the performance of the FLC can be improved by bringing about changes in it (increasing the number of membership functions) and not merely synchronizing at a faster sampling rate.