Abstract
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Co-Optima initiative simultaneous focused on diversifying fuel sources, improving efficiency, and reducing emissions through using novel combustion strategies and sustainable fuel blends. For medium-duty/heavy-duty diesel engines, research in this area has led to the development of a multimode strategy that uses premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) at low loads and conventional diesel combustion (CDC) at mid–high loads. The aim of this study was to understand how emissions were impacted when using PCCI instead of CDC at low loads and switching to an oxygenated biofuel blend. It provides a detailed speciation of the hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from a multimode medium-duty engine operating at low loads in PCCI and CDC modes and high loads in CDC. The effect of the oxygenated biofuel blend on emissions was studied at all three mode–load conditions using #2 ULSD and a bio-derived fuel (25% hexyl hexanoate (HHN)) blended in #2 ULSD. The PCCI mode effectively decreased NOx, total HC, and PM/PN emissions, with a substantial decrease in larger particles (≥50 nm). A PM/PN reduction was observed at high loads with the 25% HHN fuel. While the total HC emissions were not impacted by fuel type, the detailed HC analysis exposed changes in the HC’s composition.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 5735 |
| Journal | Energies |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue number | 15 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 2023 |
Funding
This research was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices. Co-Optima is a collaborative project of multiple national laboratories initiated to simultaneously accelerate the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable biofuels and high-efficiency, low-emission vehicle engines. The authors would like to thank the U.S. DOE Co-Optima Programs Manager Kevin Stork and Gurpreet Singh for their support and guidance in this work. The authors would also like to acknowledge and thank Vlad Lobodin for running GC-MS and UV-Vis on the collected canister and DNPH samples. This research was funded by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Keywords
- PCCI
- biofuel
- emissions
- hydrocarbons
- medium duty
- multimode
- particulate matter