Abstract
The gap in understanding how underlying chemical dynamics impact the functionality of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) leads to the controversy about the origin of many phenomena associated with ion migration in MHPs. In particular, the debate regarding the impact of ion migration on current–voltage (I–V) hysteresis of MHPs devices has lasted for many years, where the difficulty lies in directly uncovering the chemical dynamics, as well as identifying and separating the impact of specific ions. In this work, using a newly developed time-resolved time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry CH3NH3+ and I− migrations in CH3NH3PbI3 are directly observed, revealing hysteretic CH3NH3+ and I− migrations. Additionally, hysteretic CH3NH3+ migration is illumination-dependent. Correlating these results with the I–V characterization, this work uncovers that CH3NH3+ redistribution can induce a remanent field leading to a spontaneous current in the device. It unveils that the CH3NH3+ migration is responsible for the illumination-associated I–V hysteresis in MHPs. Hysteretic ion migration has not been uncovered and the contribution of any ions (e.g., CH3NH3+) has not been specified before. Such insightful and detailed information has up to now been missing, which is critical to improving MHPs photovoltaic performance and developing MHPs-based memristors and synaptic devices.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 2001176 |
Journal | Advanced Science |
Volume | 7 |
Issue number | 19 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 1 2020 |
Funding
This research was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility, and using instrumentation within ORNL's Materials Characterization Core provided by UT‐Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE‐AC05‐00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This manuscript has been authored by UT‐Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE‐AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid‐up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the U.S. Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). This research was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility, and using instrumentation within ORNL's Materials Characterization Core provided by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the U.S. Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
Keywords
- hysteresis
- ion migration
- metal halide perovskites
- remanent fields
- spontaneous polarization