Hydrothermal Corrosion of First-Generation Dual-Purpose Coatings on Silicon Carbide for Accident-Tolerant Fuel Cladding

Peter J. Doyle; Caen Ang; Lance Snead; Yutai Katoh; Kurt Terrani; Stephen S. Raiman

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152695

Hydrothermal Corrosion of First-Generation Dual-Purpose Coatings on Silicon Carbide for Accident-Tolerant Fuel Cladding

Peter J. Doyle, Caen Ang, Lance Snead, Yutai Katoh, Kurt Terrani, Stephen S. Raiman

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Four different commercial coatings, TiN, Cr, CrN, and Cr/CrN (multilayer) were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on high resistivity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC for the dual purpose of corrosion mitigation and fission gas hermeticity. The coatings were exposed for up to 2600 hours in flowing high temperature (288-350°C), high purity, liquid water with dissolved hydrogen (0.15-3ppm) or dissolved oxygen (1-2ppm). The Cr/CrN coatings did not adhere well and spalled quickly during exposure. In oxygenated conditions, none of the coatings were protective. CrN coatings spalled preferentially at defect sites, but reacted slowly enough in the absence of defects to potentially be chemically protective. TiN coatings fully oxidized within a few hundred hours and spalled. In hydrogen, all the coatings were chemically stable. Coating failures were identified and attributed to localized spallation, potentially related to coating defects. Coating improvements are recommended to reduce spallation and improve coating protection for future generations of dual-purpose coatings.

Original language	English
Article number	152695
Journal	Journal of Nuclear Materials
Volume	544
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152695
State	Published - Feb 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Funding

Adam Willoughby constructed and maintained the water loop used for this work. Victoria Cox mounted and polished samples. This work was sponsored by the Advanced Fuels Campaign of the Nuclear Technology Research and Development Program, Office of Nuclear Energy, Department of Energy (DOE), and Westinghouse Electric Company/General Atomics FOA program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Advanced Fuels Campaign and this manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow other to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). Adam Willoughby constructed and maintained the water loop used for this work. Victoria Cox mounted and polished samples. This work was sponsored by the Advanced Fuels Campaign of the Nuclear Technology Research and Development Program, Office of Nuclear Energy, Department of Energy (DOE), and Westinghouse Electric Company/General Atomics FOA program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Advanced Fuels Campaign and this manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow other to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).

Funders	Funder number
DOE Public Access Plan
Nuclear Energy
United States Government
Westinghouse Electric Company/General Atomics FOA
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Nuclear Energy
UT-Battelle
Office of Advanced Fuels Technologies	DE-AC05-00OR22725

Keywords

ATF cladding
Coating
Corrosion
LWR
Raman
SiC

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10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152695

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title = "Hydrothermal Corrosion of First-Generation Dual-Purpose Coatings on Silicon Carbide for Accident-Tolerant Fuel Cladding",

abstract = "Four different commercial coatings, TiN, Cr, CrN, and Cr/CrN (multilayer) were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on high resistivity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC for the dual purpose of corrosion mitigation and fission gas hermeticity. The coatings were exposed for up to 2600 hours in flowing high temperature (288-350°C), high purity, liquid water with dissolved hydrogen (0.15-3ppm) or dissolved oxygen (1-2ppm). The Cr/CrN coatings did not adhere well and spalled quickly during exposure. In oxygenated conditions, none of the coatings were protective. CrN coatings spalled preferentially at defect sites, but reacted slowly enough in the absence of defects to potentially be chemically protective. TiN coatings fully oxidized within a few hundred hours and spalled. In hydrogen, all the coatings were chemically stable. Coating failures were identified and attributed to localized spallation, potentially related to coating defects. Coating improvements are recommended to reduce spallation and improve coating protection for future generations of dual-purpose coatings.",

keywords = "ATF cladding, Coating, Corrosion, LWR, Raman, SiC",

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note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2021",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152695",

language = "English",

volume = "544",

journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials",

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AU - Ang, Caen

AU - Snead, Lance

AU - Katoh, Yutai

AU - Terrani, Kurt

AU - Raiman, Stephen S.

PY - 2021/2

Y1 - 2021/2

N2 - Four different commercial coatings, TiN, Cr, CrN, and Cr/CrN (multilayer) were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on high resistivity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC for the dual purpose of corrosion mitigation and fission gas hermeticity. The coatings were exposed for up to 2600 hours in flowing high temperature (288-350°C), high purity, liquid water with dissolved hydrogen (0.15-3ppm) or dissolved oxygen (1-2ppm). The Cr/CrN coatings did not adhere well and spalled quickly during exposure. In oxygenated conditions, none of the coatings were protective. CrN coatings spalled preferentially at defect sites, but reacted slowly enough in the absence of defects to potentially be chemically protective. TiN coatings fully oxidized within a few hundred hours and spalled. In hydrogen, all the coatings were chemically stable. Coating failures were identified and attributed to localized spallation, potentially related to coating defects. Coating improvements are recommended to reduce spallation and improve coating protection for future generations of dual-purpose coatings.

AB - Four different commercial coatings, TiN, Cr, CrN, and Cr/CrN (multilayer) were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on high resistivity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC for the dual purpose of corrosion mitigation and fission gas hermeticity. The coatings were exposed for up to 2600 hours in flowing high temperature (288-350°C), high purity, liquid water with dissolved hydrogen (0.15-3ppm) or dissolved oxygen (1-2ppm). The Cr/CrN coatings did not adhere well and spalled quickly during exposure. In oxygenated conditions, none of the coatings were protective. CrN coatings spalled preferentially at defect sites, but reacted slowly enough in the absence of defects to potentially be chemically protective. TiN coatings fully oxidized within a few hundred hours and spalled. In hydrogen, all the coatings were chemically stable. Coating failures were identified and attributed to localized spallation, potentially related to coating defects. Coating improvements are recommended to reduce spallation and improve coating protection for future generations of dual-purpose coatings.

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Hydrothermal Corrosion of First-Generation Dual-Purpose Coatings on Silicon Carbide for Accident-Tolerant Fuel Cladding

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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