Hydrothermal corrosion behavior of CVD SiC in high temperature water

Peter J. Doyle; Steven Zinkle; Stephen S. Raiman

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152241

Hydrothermal corrosion behavior of CVD SiC in high temperature water

Peter J. Doyle, Steven Zinkle, Stephen S. Raiman

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

The hydrothermal corrosion of polished and as-cut high purity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC was studied in a constantly refreshing water loop. Light water reactor (LWR) conditions were simulated at 288, 320, and 350 °C with dissolved gas concentrations between 0.15 and 3 ppm H₂ or between 1 and 4 ppm O₂. In hydrogenated water, the rate of material loss was low, calculated to be ∼1.3 μm of recession after 5 years of service in 320 °C water. Moreover, there was no observed localized attack at any temperature. In oxygenated conditions, the corrosion rate was higher, with a calculated material loss >10 μm after 5 years of service in 1 ppm O₂, 320 °C water. Mass loss significantly increased when grain fallout became significant (as early as 200h with 4 ppm O₂ at 350 °C or after 1000–2000h with 2 ppm O₂ at 288 °C). Grain fallout more than doubled the corrosion rate and a steady state corrosion rate in the grain fallout regime was not observed but expected to eventually occur once large grains begin to be removed. Polished specimens had lower mass loss than unpolished coupons. A kinetic analysis of the data in this work suggests that the corrosion rates are controlled by a single activation step in both oxygenated and deoxygenated conditions, with the reaction order with respect to oxygen being 1. A resulting reaction rate equation to predict corrosion of SiC (in mg/cm²s) in high purity water from 288 to 350 °C and up to 4 ppm O₂ was constructed: [Formula presented].

Original language	English
Article number	152241
Journal	Journal of Nuclear Materials
Volume	539
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152241
State	Published - Oct 2020
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Thanks to Adam Willoughby for assistance in design, assembly, and maintenance of the water loop used in this study. Randy Parten cut the materials to requested size. Victoria Cox and Jordan Tyson performed all mounting and polishing of the specimens. The research is sponsored by the Advanced Fuels Campaign of the Nuclear Technology Research and Development Program, Office of Nuclear Energy, Department of Energy (DOE).This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Advanced Fuels Campaign and this manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow other to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). Thanks to Adam Willoughby for assistance in design, assembly, and maintenance of the water loop used in this study. Randy Parten cut the materials to requested size. Victoria Cox and Jordan Tyson performed all mounting and polishing of the specimens. The research is sponsored by the Advanced Fuels Campaign of the Nuclear Technology Research and Development Program , Office of Nuclear Energy , Department of Energy (DOE) . This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Nuclear Energy , Advanced Fuels Campaign and this manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy . The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow other to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).

Keywords

AFM
ATF
Accident-tolerant fuel cladding
Roughness correction
SREA
SiC
TST

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10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152241

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title = "Hydrothermal corrosion behavior of CVD SiC in high temperature water",

abstract = "The hydrothermal corrosion of polished and as-cut high purity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC was studied in a constantly refreshing water loop. Light water reactor (LWR) conditions were simulated at 288, 320, and 350 °C with dissolved gas concentrations between 0.15 and 3 ppm H2 or between 1 and 4 ppm O2. In hydrogenated water, the rate of material loss was low, calculated to be ∼1.3 μm of recession after 5 years of service in 320 °C water. Moreover, there was no observed localized attack at any temperature. In oxygenated conditions, the corrosion rate was higher, with a calculated material loss >10 μm after 5 years of service in 1 ppm O2, 320 °C water. Mass loss significantly increased when grain fallout became significant (as early as 200h with 4 ppm O2 at 350 °C or after 1000–2000h with 2 ppm O2 at 288 °C). Grain fallout more than doubled the corrosion rate and a steady state corrosion rate in the grain fallout regime was not observed but expected to eventually occur once large grains begin to be removed. Polished specimens had lower mass loss than unpolished coupons. A kinetic analysis of the data in this work suggests that the corrosion rates are controlled by a single activation step in both oxygenated and deoxygenated conditions, with the reaction order with respect to oxygen being 1. A resulting reaction rate equation to predict corrosion of SiC (in mg/cm2s) in high purity water from 288 to 350 °C and up to 4 ppm O2 was constructed: [Formula presented].",

keywords = "AFM, ATF, Accident-tolerant fuel cladding, Roughness correction, SREA, SiC, TST",

author = "Doyle, {Peter J.} and Steven Zinkle and Raiman, {Stephen S.}",

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year = "2020",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152241",

language = "English",

volume = "539",

journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials",

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AU - Doyle, Peter J.

AU - Zinkle, Steven

AU - Raiman, Stephen S.

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N2 - The hydrothermal corrosion of polished and as-cut high purity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC was studied in a constantly refreshing water loop. Light water reactor (LWR) conditions were simulated at 288, 320, and 350 °C with dissolved gas concentrations between 0.15 and 3 ppm H2 or between 1 and 4 ppm O2. In hydrogenated water, the rate of material loss was low, calculated to be ∼1.3 μm of recession after 5 years of service in 320 °C water. Moreover, there was no observed localized attack at any temperature. In oxygenated conditions, the corrosion rate was higher, with a calculated material loss >10 μm after 5 years of service in 1 ppm O2, 320 °C water. Mass loss significantly increased when grain fallout became significant (as early as 200h with 4 ppm O2 at 350 °C or after 1000–2000h with 2 ppm O2 at 288 °C). Grain fallout more than doubled the corrosion rate and a steady state corrosion rate in the grain fallout regime was not observed but expected to eventually occur once large grains begin to be removed. Polished specimens had lower mass loss than unpolished coupons. A kinetic analysis of the data in this work suggests that the corrosion rates are controlled by a single activation step in both oxygenated and deoxygenated conditions, with the reaction order with respect to oxygen being 1. A resulting reaction rate equation to predict corrosion of SiC (in mg/cm2s) in high purity water from 288 to 350 °C and up to 4 ppm O2 was constructed: [Formula presented].

AB - The hydrothermal corrosion of polished and as-cut high purity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC was studied in a constantly refreshing water loop. Light water reactor (LWR) conditions were simulated at 288, 320, and 350 °C with dissolved gas concentrations between 0.15 and 3 ppm H2 or between 1 and 4 ppm O2. In hydrogenated water, the rate of material loss was low, calculated to be ∼1.3 μm of recession after 5 years of service in 320 °C water. Moreover, there was no observed localized attack at any temperature. In oxygenated conditions, the corrosion rate was higher, with a calculated material loss >10 μm after 5 years of service in 1 ppm O2, 320 °C water. Mass loss significantly increased when grain fallout became significant (as early as 200h with 4 ppm O2 at 350 °C or after 1000–2000h with 2 ppm O2 at 288 °C). Grain fallout more than doubled the corrosion rate and a steady state corrosion rate in the grain fallout regime was not observed but expected to eventually occur once large grains begin to be removed. Polished specimens had lower mass loss than unpolished coupons. A kinetic analysis of the data in this work suggests that the corrosion rates are controlled by a single activation step in both oxygenated and deoxygenated conditions, with the reaction order with respect to oxygen being 1. A resulting reaction rate equation to predict corrosion of SiC (in mg/cm2s) in high purity water from 288 to 350 °C and up to 4 ppm O2 was constructed: [Formula presented].

KW - AFM

KW - ATF

KW - Accident-tolerant fuel cladding

KW - Roughness correction

KW - SREA

KW - SiC

KW - TST

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Hydrothermal corrosion behavior of CVD SiC in high temperature water

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Keywords

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