Abstract
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) infrastructure are conventionally designed based on historical climate data. Yet, variability in rainfall intensities and patterns caused by climate change have a significant impact on the performance of an urban drainage system. Although rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a potential solution to manage stormwater in urban areas, its benefits in mitigating the climate change impacts on combined sewer networks have not been assessed yet. Hence, the goal of the present study was set to evaluate the effectiveness of RWH in alleviating the potential impacts of climate change on CSOs. To do so, first, future rainfall was achieved through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) based on modified historical record. Then, rainfall-runoff modeling was employed using the U.S. EPA Stormwater management model (SWMM) to study the response of CSO outfalls to future rainfall. The study site was the combined sewer network of the City of Toledo, Ohio. Results showed that under the maximum impact scenario in the near future, climate change might cause up to approximately 12–18% increase in CSOs occurrence, volume and duration in Toledo. However, an RWH plan with the capacity of 0.76 m3 (200 gal) implemented on half on the buildings throughout the area, appeared to be able to mitigate the potential future impacts, and showed a remarkable controlling performance in the peak flow periods. This plan also met toilet flushing demands. Therefore, RWH can be considered as a feasible solution to mitigate future climate change impacts on CSOs and supply water demands.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 430-438 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Sustainable Cities and Society |
Volume | 27 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 1 2016 |
Externally published | Yes |
Funding
This research was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) through grants CBET-1235855 and 1236660 . The Global Change and Sustainability Center (GCSC) of the University of Utah also supported this research. Authors also acknowledge support of Andy Stepnick and David Selhorst from the City of Toledo for providing the data for this research.
Funders | Funder number |
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NSF | CBET-1235855, 1236660 |
U.S. National Science Foundation |
Keywords
- Change factor
- Climate change
- Combined sewer overflow
- Hydrologic-hydraulic modeling
- Rainwater harvesting