Heterogeneous phase transformation pathways in additively manufactured Al-Ce-Mn alloys

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Abstract

Heat treatment of additively manufactured Al-Ce based multicomponent alloys leads to complex microstructure evolution. In this research, the ability to extend the phase transformation theories involving nucleation of a product phase from a heterogeneous multi-phase microstructure typical to that of additively manufactured samples is explored. The Al-10Ce-8Mn (wt%) was used as a model alloy system. Under additive manufacturing conditions different solidification microstructures were obtained due to spatial and temporal variations of thermal gradients (G) and liquid-solid interface velocities (R) within a given melt pool. Near the melt pool boundary (high G and low R, referred as MPB region), initially, Al20Mn2Ce forms from the liquid followed by a eutectic of FCC Al and Al11Ce3. In the melt pool interiors (low G and high R referred as ES region) a eutectic structure between FCC Al and Al20Mn2Ce is observed. During subsequent heat treatments, the MPB and ES regions transform into different sets of microstructures. In the MPB region, a fine globular microstructure containing FCC Al, Al11Ce3, Al6Mn, and Al12Mn results from the decomposition of Al20Mn2Ce. In the ES region a faceted Al51Mn7Ce4 plate phase results from the decomposition of Al20Mn2Ce. The formation of the Al51Mn7Ce4 phase within the eutectic microstructure at the boundaries of FCC Al and Al20Mn2Ce has not been reported in the literature. These two distinct phase transformation pathways are rationalized based on the role of driving force on the nucleation of (Al6Mn) and/or metastable intermetallic (Al51Mn7Ce4) phases at the interface of aluminum (FCC) and the non-equilibrium intermetallic (Al20Mn2Ce) phases.

Original languageEnglish
Article number168490
JournalJournal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume938
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 25 2023

Funding

Research was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office, and Vehicle Technologies Office Propulsion Materials Program. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-C05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. APT research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors would like to thank James Burns for their assistance in performing APT sample preparation and running the APT experiments. The authors would like to thank Dr. Edgar Voelkl for technical discussions of Fourier space and DigitalMicrograph scripting. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02–06CH11357. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://www.energy.gov/downloads/doe- public- access- plan). Research was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office, and Vehicle Technologies Office Propulsion Materials Program. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-C05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. APT research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors would like to thank James Burns for their assistance in performing APT sample preparation and running the APT experiments. The authors would like to thank Dr. Edgar Voelkl for technical discussions of Fourier space and DigitalMicrograph scripting. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences , under Contract No. DE-AC02–06CH11357 . The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://www.energy.gov/downloads/doe- public- access- plan).

Keywords

  • Additive manufacturing
  • Al
  • Ce
  • Eutectic
  • Mn
  • Phase transformations

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