Heat-treatment effects on a bimetallic additively-manufactured structure (BAMS) of the low-carbon steel and austenitic-stainless steel

Md R.U. Ahsan; A. N.M. Tanvir; Gi Jeong Seo; Brian Bates; Wayne Hawkins; Chanho Lee; P. K. Liaw; Mark Noakes; Andrzej Nycz; Duck Bong Kim

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101036

Heat-treatment effects on a bimetallic additively-manufactured structure (BAMS) of the low-carbon steel and austenitic-stainless steel

Md R.U. Ahsan, A. N.M. Tanvir, Gi Jeong Seo, Brian Bates, Wayne Hawkins, Chanho Lee, P. K. Liaw, Mark Noakes, Andrzej Nycz, Duck Bong Kim

Manufacturing Robotics and Control

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

69 Scopus citations

Abstract

A bimetallic additively-manufactured structure (BAMS) is a type of functionally-graded multi-material structure used for achieving different complementary material properties within the same structure as well as cost optimization. Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers the capability to fabricate the BAMS in a simultaneous or sequential way. To fully utilize the benefits of the BAMS, the interfacial joint should be strong, and each of the constituents should have reasonable mechanical integrity. For this, a BAMS of low-carbon steel and austenitic-stainless steel was fabricated using a gas-metal-arc-welding (GMAW)-based WAAM process. Then, the BAMS was heat-treated at a range of 800 °C to 1100 °C and 30 min to 2 h. This resulted in 35% and 250% increases in the ultimate tensile strength and elongation, compared to the as-deposited BAMS. After the heat-treatment, the failure location moved from the low-carbon-steel to the stainless-steel side. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAx), and the Vickers hardness test were used to characterize the BAMS. In this paper, it is experimentally validated that heat-treatment at 950 °C-1 h is the near-optimal condition for the BAMS.

Original language	English
Article number	101036
Journal	Additive Manufacturing
Volume	32
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101036
State	Published - Mar 2020

Funding

The authors of this paper appreciate the continuous support provided by the Center for Manufacturing Research (CMR) and the Department of Manufacturing and Engineering Technology at Tennessee Technological University.

Funders	Funder number
Center for Manufacturing Research
Department of Manufacturing and Engineering Technology at Tennessee Technological University

Keywords

Bimetallic additively-manufactured structure (BAMS)
Cold metal transfer (CMT)
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW)
Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
heat-treatment

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.addma.2020.101036

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title = "Heat-treatment effects on a bimetallic additively-manufactured structure (BAMS) of the low-carbon steel and austenitic-stainless steel",

abstract = "A bimetallic additively-manufactured structure (BAMS) is a type of functionally-graded multi-material structure used for achieving different complementary material properties within the same structure as well as cost optimization. Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers the capability to fabricate the BAMS in a simultaneous or sequential way. To fully utilize the benefits of the BAMS, the interfacial joint should be strong, and each of the constituents should have reasonable mechanical integrity. For this, a BAMS of low-carbon steel and austenitic-stainless steel was fabricated using a gas-metal-arc-welding (GMAW)-based WAAM process. Then, the BAMS was heat-treated at a range of 800 °C to 1100 °C and 30 min to 2 h. This resulted in 35% and 250% increases in the ultimate tensile strength and elongation, compared to the as-deposited BAMS. After the heat-treatment, the failure location moved from the low-carbon-steel to the stainless-steel side. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAx), and the Vickers hardness test were used to characterize the BAMS. In this paper, it is experimentally validated that heat-treatment at 950 °C-1 h is the near-optimal condition for the BAMS.",

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author = "Ahsan, {Md R.U.} and Tanvir, {A. N.M.} and Seo, {Gi Jeong} and Brian Bates and Wayne Hawkins and Chanho Lee and Liaw, {P. K.} and Mark Noakes and Andrzej Nycz and Kim, {Duck Bong}",

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AU - Tanvir, A. N.M.

AU - Seo, Gi Jeong

AU - Bates, Brian

AU - Hawkins, Wayne

AU - Lee, Chanho

AU - Liaw, P. K.

AU - Noakes, Mark

AU - Nycz, Andrzej

AU - Kim, Duck Bong

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Heat-treatment effects on a bimetallic additively-manufactured structure (BAMS) of the low-carbon steel and austenitic-stainless steel

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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