Grafting acrylate functionalities at the surface of carbon fibers to improve adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam

F. Vautard; P. Fioux; L. Vidal; J. Schultz; M. Nardin; B. Defoort

doi:10.1080/01694243.2013.776443

Grafting acrylate functionalities at the surface of carbon fibers to improve adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam

F. Vautard, P. Fioux, L. Vidal, J. Schultz, M. Nardin, B. Defoort

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Acrylate functionalities were grafted at the surface of carbon fibers in order to improve the adhesion strength with an acrylate matrix cured by electron beam. An isocyanate bearing aliphatic urethane acrylate was used as a coupling agent. As revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the isocyanate groups reacted with carboxylic acids and hydroxyl groups located at the surface of the fiber, leading to a covalent bonding of the acrylate groups. The adhesion strength was measured by a micromechanical test derived from the pull-out test. A significant improvement of the interfacial shear strength was obtained (+91%) with an electron beam curing. For comparison, an isothermal cure by UV was also investigated and led to the same level of adhesion strength. The improvement was also proved by an increase in the 90° flexural strength of unidirectional composites (+38%). Grafting functionalities that were compatible with the radical mechanism of the polymerization of the matrix appeared to be a promising strategy for the improvement of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2352-2366
Number of pages	15
Journal	Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology
Volume	27
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2013.776443
State	Published - Nov 1 2013
Externally published	Yes

Funding

ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie) is gratefully acknowledged for the PhD grants assigned to F. Vautard. Ciba® is sincerely thanked for supplying the photoinitiator used in this study. Bayer MaterialScience LLC is sincerely thanked for the providing of the UA VP LS Roskydal 2337. X. Dupont and M. Frayssines from EADS are also acknowledged for conducting the electron beam curing UNIPOLIS facility. P. Ponsaud is also acknowledged for his contribution to this study, especially for the mechanical data obtained with unidirectional composites presented in this study.

Funders	Funder number
Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie

Keywords

carbon fibers
coupling agent
electron beam curing
fiber/matrix bond
interface
polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)

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10.1080/01694243.2013.776443

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title = "Grafting acrylate functionalities at the surface of carbon fibers to improve adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam",

abstract = "Acrylate functionalities were grafted at the surface of carbon fibers in order to improve the adhesion strength with an acrylate matrix cured by electron beam. An isocyanate bearing aliphatic urethane acrylate was used as a coupling agent. As revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the isocyanate groups reacted with carboxylic acids and hydroxyl groups located at the surface of the fiber, leading to a covalent bonding of the acrylate groups. The adhesion strength was measured by a micromechanical test derived from the pull-out test. A significant improvement of the interfacial shear strength was obtained (+91%) with an electron beam curing. For comparison, an isothermal cure by UV was also investigated and led to the same level of adhesion strength. The improvement was also proved by an increase in the 90° flexural strength of unidirectional composites (+38%). Grafting functionalities that were compatible with the radical mechanism of the polymerization of the matrix appeared to be a promising strategy for the improvement of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam.",

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T1 - Grafting acrylate functionalities at the surface of carbon fibers to improve adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam

AU - Vautard, F.

AU - Fioux, P.

AU - Vidal, L.

AU - Schultz, J.

AU - Nardin, M.

AU - Defoort, B.

PY - 2013/11/1

Y1 - 2013/11/1

N2 - Acrylate functionalities were grafted at the surface of carbon fibers in order to improve the adhesion strength with an acrylate matrix cured by electron beam. An isocyanate bearing aliphatic urethane acrylate was used as a coupling agent. As revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the isocyanate groups reacted with carboxylic acids and hydroxyl groups located at the surface of the fiber, leading to a covalent bonding of the acrylate groups. The adhesion strength was measured by a micromechanical test derived from the pull-out test. A significant improvement of the interfacial shear strength was obtained (+91%) with an electron beam curing. For comparison, an isothermal cure by UV was also investigated and led to the same level of adhesion strength. The improvement was also proved by an increase in the 90° flexural strength of unidirectional composites (+38%). Grafting functionalities that were compatible with the radical mechanism of the polymerization of the matrix appeared to be a promising strategy for the improvement of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam.

AB - Acrylate functionalities were grafted at the surface of carbon fibers in order to improve the adhesion strength with an acrylate matrix cured by electron beam. An isocyanate bearing aliphatic urethane acrylate was used as a coupling agent. As revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the isocyanate groups reacted with carboxylic acids and hydroxyl groups located at the surface of the fiber, leading to a covalent bonding of the acrylate groups. The adhesion strength was measured by a micromechanical test derived from the pull-out test. A significant improvement of the interfacial shear strength was obtained (+91%) with an electron beam curing. For comparison, an isothermal cure by UV was also investigated and led to the same level of adhesion strength. The improvement was also proved by an increase in the 90° flexural strength of unidirectional composites (+38%). Grafting functionalities that were compatible with the radical mechanism of the polymerization of the matrix appeared to be a promising strategy for the improvement of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam.

KW - carbon fibers

KW - coupling agent

KW - electron beam curing

KW - fiber/matrix bond

KW - interface

KW - polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)

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Grafting acrylate functionalities at the surface of carbon fibers to improve adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam

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