Graft polymer synthesis by RAFT transfer-to

The synthesis of graft polymers via controlled polymerization techniques has enabled the facile modification of the surface properties of a variety of substrates. Three grafting methods are typically highlighted in the literature: grafting-to, grafting-from, and grafting-through. However, a fourth method exists when grafting is conducted using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which we refer to as transfer-to. Transfer-to differs from the other grafting strategies in the types of structural defects and impurities that arise during polymerization. This review addresses important considerations when conducting RAFT transfer-to, including RAFT chain transfer agent selection, monomer structure, and reaction conditions. In addition, we highlight key mechanistic differences between grafting-from and transfer-to and their effects on the structure and sample composition of the resulting graft polymers.