Giant optical anisotropy in a quasi-one-dimensional crystal

Shanyuan Niu; Graham Joe; Huan Zhao; Yucheng Zhou; Thomas Orvis; Huaixun Huyan; Jad Salman; Krishnamurthy Mahalingam; Brittany Urwin; Jiangbin Wu; Yang Liu; Thomas E. Tiwald; Stephen B. Cronin; Brandon M. Howe; Matthew Mecklenburg; Ralf Haiges; David J. Singh; Han Wang; Mikhail A. Kats; Jayakanth Ravichandran

doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0189-1

Giant optical anisotropy in a quasi-one-dimensional crystal

Shanyuan Niu, Graham Joe, Huan Zhao, Yucheng Zhou, Thomas Orvis, Huaixun Huyan, Jad Salman, Krishnamurthy Mahalingam, Brittany Urwin, Jiangbin Wu, Yang Liu, Thomas E. Tiwald, Stephen B. Cronin, Brandon M. Howe, Matthew Mecklenburg, Ralf Haiges, David J. Singh, Han Wang, Mikhail A. Kats, Jayakanth Ravichandran

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

313 Scopus citations

Abstract

Optical anisotropy is a fundamental building block for linear and nonlinear optical components such as polarizers, wave plates, and phase-matching elements ^1-4 . In solid homogeneous materials, the strongest optical anisotropy is found in crystals such as calcite and rutile ^5,6 . Attempts to enhance anisotropic light-matter interaction often rely on artificial anisotropic micro/nanostructures (form birefringence) ^7-11 . Here, we demonstrate rationally designed, giant optical anisotropy in single crystals of barium titanium sulfide (BaTiS₃). This material shows an unprecedented, broadband birefringence of up to 0.76 in the mid- to long-wave infrared, as well as a large dichroism window with absorption edges at 1.6 μm and 4.5 μm for light with polarization along two crystallographic axes on an easily accessible cleavage plane. The unusually large anisotropy is a result of the quasi-one-dimensional structure, combined with rational selection of the constituent ions to maximize the polarizability difference along different axes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	392-396
Number of pages	5
Journal	Nature Photonics
Volume	12
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0189-1
State	Published - Jul 1 2018
Externally published	Yes

Funding

The authors thank A. R. Tanguay and A. Madhukar for discussions, and technical assistance by T. Aoki and N. Bozdin. J.R. acknowledges USC Viterbi School of Engineering Startup Funds and support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-16-1-0335. S.N. acknowledges Link Foundation Energy Fellowship. M.A.K. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research (grant no. N00014-16-1-2556). H.W. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office (grant no. W911NF-16-1-0435) and National Science Foundation (grant no. ECCS-1653870). Work at the University of Missouri (D.J.S.) was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences through the Solid-State Solar Thermal Energy Conversion Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center, under award no. DE-SC0001299/DE-FG02-09ER46577. S.B.C. acknowledges support from the Department of Energy under award no. DE-FG02–07ER46376. The studies at Air Force Research Laboratory were supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-15RXCOR198. The authors acknowledge the use of facilities at the Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis at the University of Southern California and the Irvine Materials Research Institute at the University of California, Irvine. The authors thank A. R. Tanguay and A. Madhukar for discussions, and technical assistance by T. Aoki and N. Bozdin. J.R. acknowledges USC Viterbi School of Engineering Startup Funds and support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-16-1-0335. S.N. acknowledges Link Foundation Energy Fellowship. M.A.K. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research (grant no. N00014-16-1-2556). H.W. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office (grant no. W911NF-16-1-0435) and National Science Foundation (grant no. ECCS-1653870). Work at the University of Missouri (D.J.S.) was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences through the Solid-State Solar Thermal Energy Conversion Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center, under award no. DE-SC0001299/DE-FG02- 09ER46577. S.B.C. acknowledges support from the Department of Energy under award no. DE-FG02-07ER46376. The studies at Air Force Research Laboratory were supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-15RXCOR198. The authors acknowledge the use of facilities at the Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis at the University of Southern California and the Irvine Materials Research Institute at the University of California, Irvine.

Funders	Funder number
Energy Frontier Research Center	DE-SC0001299/DE-FG02-09ER46577, FA9550-15RXCOR198, DE-FG02–07ER46376
Irvine Materials Research Institute at the University of California, Irvine
USC Viterbi School of Engineering
National Science Foundation	1653870, ECCS-1653870
Office of Naval Research	N00014-16-1-2556
U.S. Department of Energy
Air Force Office of Scientific Research	FA9550-16-1-0335
Army Research Office	W911NF-16-1-0435
Link Foundation
University of Southern California
Basic Energy Sciences
University of Missouri

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10.1038/s41566-018-0189-1

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Niu, S., Joe, G., Zhao, H., Zhou, Y., Orvis, T., Huyan, H., Salman, J., Mahalingam, K., Urwin, B., Wu, J., Liu, Y., Tiwald, T. E., Cronin, S. B., Howe, B. M., Mecklenburg, M., Haiges, R., Singh, D. J., Wang, H., Kats, M. A., & Ravichandran, J. (2018). Giant optical anisotropy in a quasi-one-dimensional crystal. Nature Photonics, 12(7), 392-396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0189-1

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abstract = "Optical anisotropy is a fundamental building block for linear and nonlinear optical components such as polarizers, wave plates, and phase-matching elements 1-4 . In solid homogeneous materials, the strongest optical anisotropy is found in crystals such as calcite and rutile 5,6 . Attempts to enhance anisotropic light-matter interaction often rely on artificial anisotropic micro/nanostructures (form birefringence) 7-11 . Here, we demonstrate rationally designed, giant optical anisotropy in single crystals of barium titanium sulfide (BaTiS3). This material shows an unprecedented, broadband birefringence of up to 0.76 in the mid- to long-wave infrared, as well as a large dichroism window with absorption edges at 1.6 μm and 4.5 μm for light with polarization along two crystallographic axes on an easily accessible cleavage plane. The unusually large anisotropy is a result of the quasi-one-dimensional structure, combined with rational selection of the constituent ions to maximize the polarizability difference along different axes.",

author = "Shanyuan Niu and Graham Joe and Huan Zhao and Yucheng Zhou and Thomas Orvis and Huaixun Huyan and Jad Salman and Krishnamurthy Mahalingam and Brittany Urwin and Jiangbin Wu and Yang Liu and Tiwald, {Thomas E.} and Cronin, {Stephen B.} and Howe, {Brandon M.} and Matthew Mecklenburg and Ralf Haiges and Singh, {David J.} and Han Wang and Kats, {Mikhail A.} and Jayakanth Ravichandran",

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Niu, S, Joe, G, Zhao, H, Zhou, Y, Orvis, T, Huyan, H, Salman, J, Mahalingam, K, Urwin, B, Wu, J, Liu, Y, Tiwald, TE, Cronin, SB, Howe, BM, Mecklenburg, M, Haiges, R, Singh, DJ, Wang, H, Kats, MA & Ravichandran, J 2018, 'Giant optical anisotropy in a quasi-one-dimensional crystal', Nature Photonics, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 392-396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0189-1

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AU - Niu, Shanyuan

AU - Joe, Graham

AU - Zhao, Huan

AU - Zhou, Yucheng

AU - Orvis, Thomas

AU - Huyan, Huaixun

AU - Salman, Jad

AU - Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy

AU - Urwin, Brittany

AU - Wu, Jiangbin

AU - Liu, Yang

AU - Tiwald, Thomas E.

AU - Cronin, Stephen B.

AU - Howe, Brandon M.

AU - Mecklenburg, Matthew

AU - Haiges, Ralf

AU - Singh, David J.

AU - Wang, Han

AU - Kats, Mikhail A.

AU - Ravichandran, Jayakanth

PY - 2018/7/1

Y1 - 2018/7/1

N2 - Optical anisotropy is a fundamental building block for linear and nonlinear optical components such as polarizers, wave plates, and phase-matching elements 1-4 . In solid homogeneous materials, the strongest optical anisotropy is found in crystals such as calcite and rutile 5,6 . Attempts to enhance anisotropic light-matter interaction often rely on artificial anisotropic micro/nanostructures (form birefringence) 7-11 . Here, we demonstrate rationally designed, giant optical anisotropy in single crystals of barium titanium sulfide (BaTiS3). This material shows an unprecedented, broadband birefringence of up to 0.76 in the mid- to long-wave infrared, as well as a large dichroism window with absorption edges at 1.6 μm and 4.5 μm for light with polarization along two crystallographic axes on an easily accessible cleavage plane. The unusually large anisotropy is a result of the quasi-one-dimensional structure, combined with rational selection of the constituent ions to maximize the polarizability difference along different axes.

AB - Optical anisotropy is a fundamental building block for linear and nonlinear optical components such as polarizers, wave plates, and phase-matching elements 1-4 . In solid homogeneous materials, the strongest optical anisotropy is found in crystals such as calcite and rutile 5,6 . Attempts to enhance anisotropic light-matter interaction often rely on artificial anisotropic micro/nanostructures (form birefringence) 7-11 . Here, we demonstrate rationally designed, giant optical anisotropy in single crystals of barium titanium sulfide (BaTiS3). This material shows an unprecedented, broadband birefringence of up to 0.76 in the mid- to long-wave infrared, as well as a large dichroism window with absorption edges at 1.6 μm and 4.5 μm for light with polarization along two crystallographic axes on an easily accessible cleavage plane. The unusually large anisotropy is a result of the quasi-one-dimensional structure, combined with rational selection of the constituent ions to maximize the polarizability difference along different axes.

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Giant optical anisotropy in a quasi-one-dimensional crystal

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