Genome sequencing and analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

John P. Vogel, David F. Garvin, Todd C. Mockler, Jeremy Schmutz, Dan Rokhsar, Michael W. Bevan, Kerrie Barry, Susan Lucas, Miranda Harmon-Smith, Kathleen Lail, Hope Tice, Jane Grimwood, Neil McKenzie, Naxin Huo, Yong Q. Gu, Gerard R. Lazo, Olin D. Anderson, Frank M. You, Ming Cheng Luo, Jan DvorakJonathan Wright, Melanie Febrer, Dominika Idziak, Robert Hasterok, Erika Lindquist, Mei Wang, Samuel E. Fox, Henry D. Priest, Sergei A. Filichkin, Scott A. Givan, Douglas W. Bryant, Jeff H. Chang, Haiyan Wu, Wei Wu, An Ping Hsia, Patrick S. Schnable, Anantharaman Kalyanaraman, Brad Barbazuk, Todd P. Michael, Samuel P. Hazen, Jennifer N. Bragg, Debbie Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Yiqun Weng, Georg Haberer, Manuel Spannagl, Klaus Mayer, Thomas Rattei, Therese Mitros, Sang Jik Lee, Jocelyn K.C. Rose, Lukas A. Mueller, Thomas L. York, Thomas Wicker, Jan P. Buchmann, Jaakko Tanskanen, Alan H. Schulman, Heidrun Gundlach, Michael Beven, Antonio Costa De Oliveira, Luciano Da C. Maia, William Belknap, Ning Jiang, Jinsheng Lai, Liucun Zhu, Jianxin Ma, Cheng Sun, Ellen Pritham, Jerome Salse, Florent Murat, Michael Abrouk, Remy Bruggmann, Joachim Messing, Noah Fahlgren, Christopher M. Sullivan, James C. Carrington, Elisabeth J. Chapman, Greg D. May, Jixian Zhai, Matthias Ganssmann, Sai Guna Ranjan Gurazada, Marcelo German, Blake C. Meyers, Pamela J. Green, Ludmila Tyler, Jiajie Wu, James Thomson, Shan Chen, Henrik V. Scheller, Jesper Harholt, Peter Ulvskov, Jeffrey A. Kimbrel, Laura E. Bartley, Peijian Cao, Ki Hong Jung, Manoj K. Sharma, Miguel Vega-Sanchez, Pamela Ronald, Christopher D. Dardick, Stefanie De Bodt, Wim Verelst, Dirk Inzé, Maren Heese, Arp Schnittger, Xiaohan Yang, Udaya C. Kalluri, Gerald A. Tuskan, Zhihua Hua, Richard D. Vierstra, Yu Cui, Shuhong Ouyang, Qixin Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Alper Yilmaz, Erich Grotewold, Richard Sibout, Kian Hematy, Gregory Mouille, Herman Höfte, Todd Micheel, Jérome Pelloux, Devin O'Connor, James Schnable, Scott Rowe, Frank Harmon, Cynthia L. Cass, John C. Sedbrook, Mary E. Byrne, Sean Walsh, Janet Higgins, Pinghua Li, Thomas Brutnell, Turgay Unver, Hikmet Budak, Harry Belcram, Mathieu Charles, Boulos Chalhoub, Ivan Baxter

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1480 Scopus citations

Abstract

Three subfamilies of grasses, the Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae and Pooideae, provide the bulk of human nutrition and are poised to become major sources of renewable energy. Here we describe the genome sequence of the wild grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium), which is, to our knowledge, the first member of the Pooideae subfamily to be sequenced. Comparison of the Brachypodium, rice and sorghum genomes shows a precise history of genome evolution across a broad diversity of the grasses, and establishes a template for analysis of the large genomes of economically important pooid grasses such as wheat. The high-quality genome sequence, coupled with ease of cultivation and transformation, small size and rapid life cycle, will help Brachypodium reach its potential as an important model system for developing new energy and food crops.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)763-768
Number of pages6
JournalNature
Volume463
Issue number7282
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 11 2010

Funding

Acknowledgements We acknowledge the contributions of the late M. Gale, who identified the importance of conserved gene order in grass genomes. This work was mainly supported by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Community Sequencing Program project with J.P.V., D.F.G., T.C.M. and M.W.B., a BBSRC grant to M.W.B., an EU Contract Agronomics grant to M.W.B. and K.F.X.M., and GABI Barlex grant to K.F.X.M. Illumina transcriptome sequencing was supported by a DOE Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy grant and an Oregon State Agricultural Research Foundation grant to T.C.M.; small RNA research was supported by the DOE Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy grants to P.J.G. and T.C.M.; annotation was supported by a DOE Plant Feedstocks for Genomics Bioenergy grant to J.P.V. A full list of support and acknowledgements is in the Supplementary Information.

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