Gate-Tunable Proximity Effects in Graphene on Layered Magnetic Insulators

Chun Chih Tseng; Tiancheng Song; Qianni Jiang; Zhong Lin; Chong Wang; Jaehyun Suh; Kenji Watanabe; Takashi Taniguchi; Michael A. McGuire; Di Xiao; Jiun Haw Chu; David H. Cobden; Xiaodong Xu; Matthew Yankowitz

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02931

Gate-Tunable Proximity Effects in Graphene on Layered Magnetic Insulators

Chun Chih Tseng, Tiancheng Song, Qianni Jiang, Zhong Lin, Chong Wang, Jaehyun Suh, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Michael A. McGuire, Di Xiao, Jiun Haw Chu, David H. Cobden, Xiaodong Xu, Matthew Yankowitz

Correlated Electron Materials

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

27 Scopus citations

Abstract

The extreme versatility of van der Waals materials originates from their ability to exhibit new electronic properties when assembled in close proximity to dissimilar crystals. For example, although graphene is inherently nonmagnetic, recent work has reported a magnetic proximity effect in graphene interfaced with magnetic substrates, potentially enabling a pathway toward achieving a high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect. Here, we investigate heterostructures of graphene and chromium trihalide magnetic insulators (CrI₃, CrBr₃, and CrCl₃). Surprisingly, we are unable to detect a magnetic exchange field in the graphene but instead discover proximity effects featuring unprecedented gate tunability. The graphene becomes highly hole-doped due to charge transfer from the neighboring magnetic insulator and further exhibits a variety of atypical gate-dependent transport features. The charge transfer can additionally be altered upon switching the magnetic states of the nearest CrI₃layers. Our results provide a roadmap for exploiting proximity effects arising in graphene coupled to magnetic insulators.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	8495-8501
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nano Letters
Volume	22
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02931
State	Published - Nov 9 2022

Funding

This work was supported as part of Programmable Quantum Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under award DE-SC0019443. M.Y., X.X., and J.-H.C. acknowledge support from the State of Washington-funded Clean Energy Institute. This work made use of shared fabrication facilities provided by NSF MRSEC 1719797. The material synthesis at UW is partially supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS Initiative, Grant GBMF6759 to J.-H.C. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan (grant number JPMXP0112101001) and JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers 19H05790, 20H00354, and 21H05233). M.A.M.’s crystal synthesis effort at ORNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division.

Keywords

2D magnet
graphene
modulation doping
proximity effect
van der Waals heterostructure

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10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02931

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title = "Gate-Tunable Proximity Effects in Graphene on Layered Magnetic Insulators",

abstract = "The extreme versatility of van der Waals materials originates from their ability to exhibit new electronic properties when assembled in close proximity to dissimilar crystals. For example, although graphene is inherently nonmagnetic, recent work has reported a magnetic proximity effect in graphene interfaced with magnetic substrates, potentially enabling a pathway toward achieving a high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect. Here, we investigate heterostructures of graphene and chromium trihalide magnetic insulators (CrI3, CrBr3, and CrCl3). Surprisingly, we are unable to detect a magnetic exchange field in the graphene but instead discover proximity effects featuring unprecedented gate tunability. The graphene becomes highly hole-doped due to charge transfer from the neighboring magnetic insulator and further exhibits a variety of atypical gate-dependent transport features. The charge transfer can additionally be altered upon switching the magnetic states of the nearest CrI3layers. Our results provide a roadmap for exploiting proximity effects arising in graphene coupled to magnetic insulators.",

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AU - Wang, Chong

AU - Suh, Jaehyun

AU - Watanabe, Kenji

AU - Taniguchi, Takashi

AU - McGuire, Michael A.

AU - Xiao, Di

AU - Chu, Jiun Haw

AU - Cobden, David H.

AU - Xu, Xiaodong

AU - Yankowitz, Matthew

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Gate-Tunable Proximity Effects in Graphene on Layered Magnetic Insulators

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