From the Fire: A Deeper Look at the Phoenix Stream

K. Tavangar; P. Ferguson; N. Shipp; A. Drlica-Wagner; S. Koposov; D. Erkal; E. Balbinot; J. García-Bellido; K. Kuehn; G. F. Lewis; T. S. Li; S. Mau; A. B. Pace; A. H. Riley; T. M.C. Abbott; M. Aguena; S. Allam; F. Andrade-Oliveira; J. Annis; E. Bertin; D. Brooks; D. L. Burke; A. Carnero Rosell; M. Carrasco Kind; J. Carretero; M. Costanzi; L. N. Da Costa; M. E.S. Pereira; J. De Vicente; H. T. Diehl; S. Everett; I. Ferrero; B. Flaugher; J. Frieman; E. Gaztanaga; D. W. Gerdes; D. Gruen; R. A. Gruendl; J. Gschwend; G. Gutierrez; S. R. Hinton; D. L. Hollowood; K. Honscheid; D. J. James; N. Kuropatkin; M. A.G. Maia; J. L. Marshall; F. Menanteau; R. Miquel; R. Morgan; R. L.C. Ogando; A. Palmese; F. Paz-Chinchón; A. Pieres; A. A. Plazas Malagón; M. Rodriguez-Monroy; E. Sanchez; V. Scarpine; S. Serrano; I. Sevilla-Noarbe; M. Smith; E. Suchyta; M. E.C. Swanson; G. Tarle; C. To; T. N. Varga; A. R. Walker

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac399b

From the Fire: A Deeper Look at the Phoenix Stream

K. Tavangar, P. Ferguson, N. Shipp, A. Drlica-Wagner, S. Koposov, D. Erkal, E. Balbinot, J. García-Bellido, K. Kuehn, G. F. Lewis, T. S. Li, S. Mau, A. B. Pace, A. H. Riley, T. M.C. Abbott, M. Aguena, S. Allam, F. Andrade-Oliveira, J. Annis, E. BertinD. Brooks, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, M. Costanzi, L. N. Da Costa, M. E.S. Pereira, J. De Vicente, H. T. Diehl, S. Everett, I. Ferrero, B. Flaugher, J. Frieman, E. Gaztanaga, D. W. Gerdes, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, J. Gschwend, G. Gutierrez, S. R. Hinton, D. L. Hollowood, K. Honscheid, D. J. James, N. Kuropatkin, M. A.G. Maia, J. L. Marshall, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, R. Morgan, R. L.C. Ogando, A. Palmese, F. Paz-Chinchón, A. Pieres, A. A. Plazas Malagón, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, S. Serrano, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, E. Suchyta, M. E.C. Swanson, G. Tarle, C. To, T. N. Varga, A. R. Walker

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Abstract

We use 6 yr of data from the Dark Energy Survey to perform a detailed photometric characterization of the Phoenix stellar stream, a 15° long, thin, dynamically cold, low-metallicity stellar system in the Southern Hemisphere. We use natural splines, a nonparametric modeling technique, to simultaneously fit the stream track, width, and linear density. This updated stream model allows us to improve measurements of the heliocentric distance (17.4 ± 0.1 (stat.) ±0.8 (sys.) kpc) and distance gradient (-0.009 ± 0.006 kpc deg-1) of Phoenix, which corresponds to a small change of 0.13 ± 0.09 kpc in heliocentric distance along the length of the stream. We measure linear intensity variations on degree scales, as well as deviations in the stream track on ∼2° scales, suggesting that the stream may have been disturbed during its formation and/or evolution. We recover three peaks and one gap in linear intensity along with fluctuations in the stream track. Compared to other thin streams, the Phoenix stream shows more fluctuations and, consequently, the study of Phoenix offers a unique perspective on gravitational perturbations of stellar streams. We discuss possible sources of perturbations to Phoenix, including baryonic structures in the Galaxy and dark matter subhalos.

Original language	English
Article number	118
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	925
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac399b
State	Published - Feb 1 2022

Funding

Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at The Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007\u20132013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project No. CE110001020, and the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). K.T. acknowledges support from the Provost Scholars Program at the University of Chicago. P.S.F. acknowledges support from the Visiting Scholars Award Program of the Universities Research Association. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

Funders	Funder number
Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University
Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia
Visiting Scholars Award Program of the Universities Research Association
High Energy Physics
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Ohio State University
University of Chicago
Engineering Research Centers
Generalitat de Catalunya
Higher Education Funding Council for England
INCT
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
European Commission
U.S. Department of Energy
Provost Scholars Program at the University of Chicago
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Office of Science
National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
European Research Council
European Regional Development Fund
Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey
Fermi Research Alliance, LLC	DE-AC02-07CH11359
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad	SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, ESP2015-66861, MDM-2015-0509, FPA2015-68048, AYA2015-71825
Seventh Framework Programme	1138766, 240672, 306478, 291329
National Science Foundation	1138766, AST-1536171
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico	465376/2014-2
Australian Research Council	CE110001020

Keywords

Astronomy data modeling
Cosmology
Dark matter
Galaxy structure
Milky Way dynamics
Stellar streams

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10.3847/1538-4357/ac399b

Cite this

Tavangar, K., Ferguson, P., Shipp, N., Drlica-Wagner, A., Koposov, S., Erkal, D., Balbinot, E., García-Bellido, J., Kuehn, K., Lewis, G. F., Li, T. S., Mau, S., Pace, A. B., Riley, A. H., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Annis, J., ... Walker, A. R. (2022). From the Fire: A Deeper Look at the Phoenix Stream. Astrophysical Journal, 925(2), Article 118. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac399b

@article{1314e75fc0654c0bb8d2f1ed4fc7fa7a,

title = "From the Fire: A Deeper Look at the Phoenix Stream",

abstract = "We use 6 yr of data from the Dark Energy Survey to perform a detailed photometric characterization of the Phoenix stellar stream, a 15° long, thin, dynamically cold, low-metallicity stellar system in the Southern Hemisphere. We use natural splines, a nonparametric modeling technique, to simultaneously fit the stream track, width, and linear density. This updated stream model allows us to improve measurements of the heliocentric distance (17.4 ± 0.1 (stat.) ±0.8 (sys.) kpc) and distance gradient (-0.009 ± 0.006 kpc deg-1) of Phoenix, which corresponds to a small change of 0.13 ± 0.09 kpc in heliocentric distance along the length of the stream. We measure linear intensity variations on degree scales, as well as deviations in the stream track on ∼2° scales, suggesting that the stream may have been disturbed during its formation and/or evolution. We recover three peaks and one gap in linear intensity along with fluctuations in the stream track. Compared to other thin streams, the Phoenix stream shows more fluctuations and, consequently, the study of Phoenix offers a unique perspective on gravitational perturbations of stellar streams. We discuss possible sources of perturbations to Phoenix, including baryonic structures in the Galaxy and dark matter subhalos.",

keywords = "Astronomy data modeling, Cosmology, Dark matter, Galaxy structure, Milky Way dynamics, Stellar streams",

author = "K. Tavangar and P. Ferguson and N. Shipp and A. Drlica-Wagner and S. Koposov and D. Erkal and E. Balbinot and J. Garc{\'i}a-Bellido and K. Kuehn and Lewis, {G. F.} and Li, {T. S.} and S. Mau and Pace, {A. B.} and Riley, {A. H.} and Abbott, {T. M.C.} and M. Aguena and S. Allam and F. Andrade-Oliveira and J. Annis and E. Bertin and D. Brooks and Burke, {D. L.} and {Carnero Rosell}, A. and {Carrasco Kind}, M. and J. Carretero and M. Costanzi and {Da Costa}, {L. N.} and Pereira, {M. E.S.} and {De Vicente}, J. and Diehl, {H. T.} and S. Everett and I. Ferrero and B. Flaugher and J. Frieman and E. Gaztanaga and Gerdes, {D. W.} and D. Gruen and Gruendl, {R. A.} and J. Gschwend and G. Gutierrez and Hinton, {S. R.} and Hollowood, {D. L.} and K. Honscheid and James, {D. J.} and N. Kuropatkin and Maia, {M. A.G.} and Marshall, {J. L.} and F. Menanteau and R. Miquel and R. Morgan and Ogando, {R. L.C.} and A. Palmese and F. Paz-Chinch{\'o}n and A. Pieres and {Plazas Malag{\'o}n}, {A. A.} and M. Rodriguez-Monroy and E. Sanchez and V. Scarpine and S. Serrano and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and M. Smith and E. Suchyta and Swanson, {M. E.C.} and G. Tarle and C. To and Varga, {T. N.} and Walker, {A. R.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac399b",

language = "English",

volume = "925",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

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Tavangar, K, Ferguson, P, Shipp, N, Drlica-Wagner, A, Koposov, S, Erkal, D, Balbinot, E, García-Bellido, J, Kuehn, K, Lewis, GF, Li, TS, Mau, S, Pace, AB, Riley, AH, Abbott, TMC, Aguena, M, Allam, S, Andrade-Oliveira, F, Annis, J, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Carnero Rosell, A, Carrasco Kind, M, Carretero, J, Costanzi, M, Da Costa, LN, Pereira, MES, De Vicente, J, Diehl, HT, Everett, S, Ferrero, I, Flaugher, B, Frieman, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hinton, SR, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Kuropatkin, N, Maia, MAG, Marshall, JL, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Morgan, R, Ogando, RLC, Palmese, A, Paz-Chinchón, F, Pieres, A, Plazas Malagón, AA, Rodriguez-Monroy, M, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, M, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, To, C, Varga, TN & Walker, AR 2022, 'From the Fire: A Deeper Look at the Phoenix Stream', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 925, no. 2, 118. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac399b

TY - JOUR

T1 - From the Fire

T2 - A Deeper Look at the Phoenix Stream

AU - Tavangar, K.

AU - Ferguson, P.

AU - Shipp, N.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Koposov, S.

AU - Erkal, D.

AU - Balbinot, E.

AU - García-Bellido, J.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Lewis, G. F.

AU - Li, T. S.

AU - Mau, S.

AU - Pace, A. B.

AU - Riley, A. H.

AU - Abbott, T. M.C.

AU - Aguena, M.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Andrade-Oliveira, F.

AU - Annis, J.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Burke, D. L.

AU - Carnero Rosell, A.

AU - Carrasco Kind, M.

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Costanzi, M.

AU - Da Costa, L. N.

AU - Pereira, M. E.S.

AU - De Vicente, J.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Everett, S.

AU - Ferrero, I.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - Gaztanaga, E.

AU - Gerdes, D. W.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Gschwend, J.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Hinton, S. R.

AU - Hollowood, D. L.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Kuropatkin, N.

AU - Maia, M. A.G.

AU - Marshall, J. L.

AU - Menanteau, F.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Morgan, R.

AU - Ogando, R. L.C.

AU - Palmese, A.

AU - Paz-Chinchón, F.

AU - Pieres, A.

AU - Plazas Malagón, A. A.

AU - Rodriguez-Monroy, M.

AU - Sanchez, E.

AU - Scarpine, V.

AU - Serrano, S.

AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.

AU - Smith, M.

AU - Suchyta, E.

AU - Swanson, M. E.C.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - To, C.

AU - Varga, T. N.

AU - Walker, A. R.

PY - 2022/2/1

Y1 - 2022/2/1

N2 - We use 6 yr of data from the Dark Energy Survey to perform a detailed photometric characterization of the Phoenix stellar stream, a 15° long, thin, dynamically cold, low-metallicity stellar system in the Southern Hemisphere. We use natural splines, a nonparametric modeling technique, to simultaneously fit the stream track, width, and linear density. This updated stream model allows us to improve measurements of the heliocentric distance (17.4 ± 0.1 (stat.) ±0.8 (sys.) kpc) and distance gradient (-0.009 ± 0.006 kpc deg-1) of Phoenix, which corresponds to a small change of 0.13 ± 0.09 kpc in heliocentric distance along the length of the stream. We measure linear intensity variations on degree scales, as well as deviations in the stream track on ∼2° scales, suggesting that the stream may have been disturbed during its formation and/or evolution. We recover three peaks and one gap in linear intensity along with fluctuations in the stream track. Compared to other thin streams, the Phoenix stream shows more fluctuations and, consequently, the study of Phoenix offers a unique perspective on gravitational perturbations of stellar streams. We discuss possible sources of perturbations to Phoenix, including baryonic structures in the Galaxy and dark matter subhalos.

AB - We use 6 yr of data from the Dark Energy Survey to perform a detailed photometric characterization of the Phoenix stellar stream, a 15° long, thin, dynamically cold, low-metallicity stellar system in the Southern Hemisphere. We use natural splines, a nonparametric modeling technique, to simultaneously fit the stream track, width, and linear density. This updated stream model allows us to improve measurements of the heliocentric distance (17.4 ± 0.1 (stat.) ±0.8 (sys.) kpc) and distance gradient (-0.009 ± 0.006 kpc deg-1) of Phoenix, which corresponds to a small change of 0.13 ± 0.09 kpc in heliocentric distance along the length of the stream. We measure linear intensity variations on degree scales, as well as deviations in the stream track on ∼2° scales, suggesting that the stream may have been disturbed during its formation and/or evolution. We recover three peaks and one gap in linear intensity along with fluctuations in the stream track. Compared to other thin streams, the Phoenix stream shows more fluctuations and, consequently, the study of Phoenix offers a unique perspective on gravitational perturbations of stellar streams. We discuss possible sources of perturbations to Phoenix, including baryonic structures in the Galaxy and dark matter subhalos.

KW - Astronomy data modeling

KW - Cosmology

KW - Dark matter

KW - Galaxy structure

KW - Milky Way dynamics

KW - Stellar streams

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125847670&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac399b

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac399b

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85125847670

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 925

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 118

ER -

From the Fire: A Deeper Look at the Phoenix Stream

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