Friction and wear of titanium alloys sliding against metal, polymer, and ceramic counterfaces

Jun Qu; Peter J. Blau; Thomas R. Watkins; Odis B. Cavin; Nagraj S. Kulkarni

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.062

Friction and wear of titanium alloys sliding against metal, polymer, and ceramic counterfaces

Jun Qu, Peter J. Blau, Thomas R. Watkins, Odis B. Cavin, Nagraj S. Kulkarni

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

265 Scopus citations

Abstract

Recent advances in lower-cost processing of titanium, coupled with its potential use as a light weight material in engines and brakes has renewed interest in the tribological behavior of titanium alloys. To help establish a baseline for further studies on the tribology of titanium against various classes of counterface materials, pin-on-disk sliding friction and wear experiments were conducted on two different titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo). Disks of these alloys were slid against fixed bearing balls composed of 440C stainless steel, silicon nitride, alumina, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at two speeds: 0.3 and 1.0 m/s. The friction coefficient and wear rate were lower at the higher sliding speed. Ceramic sliders suffered unexpectedly higher wear than the steel slider. The wear rates, ranked from the highest to the lowest, were alumina, silicon nitride, and steel, respectively. This trend is inversely related to their hardness, but corresponds to their relative fracture toughness. Comparative tests on a Type 304 stainless steel disk supported the fracture toughness dependency. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the tendency of Ti alloys to transfer material to their counterfaces and suggested possible tribochemical reactions between the ceramic sliders and Ti alloy disks. These reaction products, which adhere to the ceramic sliders, may degrade the mechanical properties of the contact areas and result in high wear. The tribochemical reactions along with the fracture toughness dependency helped explain the high wear on the ceramic sliders.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1348-1356
Number of pages	9
Journal	Wear
Volume	258
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.062
State	Published - Apr 2005

Funding

The authors with to acknowledge with appreciation Y. Kosaka of Titanium Metals Corporation, USA, for supplying alloy billets along with their chemical analyses. Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Strength Weight Reduction Materials Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. J. Qu and N. Kulkarni were supported in part by appointments to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered jointly by ORNL and ORISE.

Keywords

Ceramics
Material transfer
Titanium
Tribochemical reaction

Access to Document

10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.062

Cite this

@article{8977fb2887064917afca3c7e91715918,

title = "Friction and wear of titanium alloys sliding against metal, polymer, and ceramic counterfaces",

abstract = "Recent advances in lower-cost processing of titanium, coupled with its potential use as a light weight material in engines and brakes has renewed interest in the tribological behavior of titanium alloys. To help establish a baseline for further studies on the tribology of titanium against various classes of counterface materials, pin-on-disk sliding friction and wear experiments were conducted on two different titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo). Disks of these alloys were slid against fixed bearing balls composed of 440C stainless steel, silicon nitride, alumina, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at two speeds: 0.3 and 1.0 m/s. The friction coefficient and wear rate were lower at the higher sliding speed. Ceramic sliders suffered unexpectedly higher wear than the steel slider. The wear rates, ranked from the highest to the lowest, were alumina, silicon nitride, and steel, respectively. This trend is inversely related to their hardness, but corresponds to their relative fracture toughness. Comparative tests on a Type 304 stainless steel disk supported the fracture toughness dependency. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the tendency of Ti alloys to transfer material to their counterfaces and suggested possible tribochemical reactions between the ceramic sliders and Ti alloy disks. These reaction products, which adhere to the ceramic sliders, may degrade the mechanical properties of the contact areas and result in high wear. The tribochemical reactions along with the fracture toughness dependency helped explain the high wear on the ceramic sliders.",

keywords = "Ceramics, Material transfer, Titanium, Tribochemical reaction",

author = "Jun Qu and Blau, {Peter J.} and Watkins, {Thomas R.} and Cavin, {Odis B.} and Kulkarni, {Nagraj S.}",

year = "2005",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.062",

language = "English",

volume = "258",

pages = "1348--1356",

journal = "Wear",

issn = "0043-1648",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "9",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Friction and wear of titanium alloys sliding against metal, polymer, and ceramic counterfaces

AU - Qu, Jun

AU - Blau, Peter J.

AU - Watkins, Thomas R.

AU - Cavin, Odis B.

AU - Kulkarni, Nagraj S.

PY - 2005/4

Y1 - 2005/4

N2 - Recent advances in lower-cost processing of titanium, coupled with its potential use as a light weight material in engines and brakes has renewed interest in the tribological behavior of titanium alloys. To help establish a baseline for further studies on the tribology of titanium against various classes of counterface materials, pin-on-disk sliding friction and wear experiments were conducted on two different titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo). Disks of these alloys were slid against fixed bearing balls composed of 440C stainless steel, silicon nitride, alumina, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at two speeds: 0.3 and 1.0 m/s. The friction coefficient and wear rate were lower at the higher sliding speed. Ceramic sliders suffered unexpectedly higher wear than the steel slider. The wear rates, ranked from the highest to the lowest, were alumina, silicon nitride, and steel, respectively. This trend is inversely related to their hardness, but corresponds to their relative fracture toughness. Comparative tests on a Type 304 stainless steel disk supported the fracture toughness dependency. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the tendency of Ti alloys to transfer material to their counterfaces and suggested possible tribochemical reactions between the ceramic sliders and Ti alloy disks. These reaction products, which adhere to the ceramic sliders, may degrade the mechanical properties of the contact areas and result in high wear. The tribochemical reactions along with the fracture toughness dependency helped explain the high wear on the ceramic sliders.

AB - Recent advances in lower-cost processing of titanium, coupled with its potential use as a light weight material in engines and brakes has renewed interest in the tribological behavior of titanium alloys. To help establish a baseline for further studies on the tribology of titanium against various classes of counterface materials, pin-on-disk sliding friction and wear experiments were conducted on two different titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo). Disks of these alloys were slid against fixed bearing balls composed of 440C stainless steel, silicon nitride, alumina, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at two speeds: 0.3 and 1.0 m/s. The friction coefficient and wear rate were lower at the higher sliding speed. Ceramic sliders suffered unexpectedly higher wear than the steel slider. The wear rates, ranked from the highest to the lowest, were alumina, silicon nitride, and steel, respectively. This trend is inversely related to their hardness, but corresponds to their relative fracture toughness. Comparative tests on a Type 304 stainless steel disk supported the fracture toughness dependency. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the tendency of Ti alloys to transfer material to their counterfaces and suggested possible tribochemical reactions between the ceramic sliders and Ti alloy disks. These reaction products, which adhere to the ceramic sliders, may degrade the mechanical properties of the contact areas and result in high wear. The tribochemical reactions along with the fracture toughness dependency helped explain the high wear on the ceramic sliders.

KW - Ceramics

KW - Material transfer

KW - Titanium

KW - Tribochemical reaction

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=13844274898&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.062

DO - 10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.062

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:13844274898

SN - 0043-1648

VL - 258

SP - 1348

EP - 1356

JO - Wear

JF - Wear

IS - 9

ER -

Friction and wear of titanium alloys sliding against metal, polymer, and ceramic counterfaces

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this