Abstract
Artificial spin ices (ASIs) have traditionally been designed such that each nanomagnet possesses a single-domain magnetic configuration that is assumed to be minimally perturbed by interisland dipolar interactions. Using x-ray photoemission electron microscopy to perform magnetic domain imaging, we study thermally demagnetized La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-based brickwork ASI arrays and showed that complex spin textures (CSTs) can be stabilized through an appropriate selection of nanoisland width and interisland spacing. While the width dependence can be explained through the dominance of shape anisotropy in isolated nanoislands, the ASIs we investigate demonstrate a complex dependence on both the nanoisland width and interisland spacing. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that interisland dipolar interactions play a role in the formation of CSTs, which are composed of single- and double-vortex states. Energy analysis of the simulations provides an understanding of the system energetics that arises from a delicate balance between intraisland effects (i.e., shape anisotropy and exchange energy) and interisland effects (i.e., dipolar interactions between nearest-neighbor nanoislands).
Original language | English |
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Article number | 064057 |
Journal | Physical Review Applied |
Volume | 17 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 2022 |
Funding
Portions of this work is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR 1745450). This research uses resources of the Advanced Light Source, which is a Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. E-beam lithography is performed at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a US DOE Office of Science User Facility.