Forced Oscillation Analysis of Voltage-Oriented Vector Control-Based PV Inverter Connected to Weak Power Grids

Zhen Gong; Xiaorong Xie; Chengxi Liu; Yonghao Gui; Filipe Faria da Silva; Mingyuan Liu

doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3585352

Forced Oscillation Analysis of Voltage-Oriented Vector Control-Based PV Inverter Connected to Weak Power Grids

Zhen Gong
, Xiaorong Xie
, Chengxi Liu
, Yonghao Gui
, Filipe Faria da Silva
, Mingyuan Liu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Synchronous reference frame-based vector control (SRF-VC) is widely adopted by single stage photovoltaic (PV) inverter to transfer powers into power grids. However, the overshoot effect and power coupling in SRF-VC, i.e., real and reactive powers coupling (RRPC), may cause oscillation amplification and forced oscillation issues when interharmonics of real power reference (P_ref) occur, which is induced by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. In this paper, a frequency domain analytical model is proposed to analyze the effect of overshoot and RRPC on forced oscillation when there is an oscillation source of P_ref induced by MPPT. Firstly, interharmonics of P_ref induced by MPPT is introduced, which can be the oscillation source of forced oscillation. Then, the power coupling mechanisms of SRF-VC are analyzed by visual phasor diagram, which is induced by slow dynamics of PLL in weak grids. Next, the frequency domain model considering RRPC channels are derived to analytically analyze its oscillation amplification characteristics when P_ref at sub/super-synchronous resonance frequency occur. Furthermore, forced oscillation magnitudes influenced by different control parameters are investigated by bode diagram of the proposed frequency domain model. Finally, the influences of overshoot and RRPC on forced oscillation are validated by the simulations and control-hardware-in-loop tests.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2642-2656
Number of pages	15
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
Volume	40
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3585352
State	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Received 26 June 2024; revised 6 March 2025, 25 May 2025, and 3 June 2025; accepted 22 June 2025. Date of publication 3 July 2025; date of current version 25 September 2025. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U22B20100 and Grant 52321004, in part by State-funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program under Grant GZC20231212, and in part by the State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control under Grant SKLD24KM14. Paper no. TPWRD-01073-2024. (Corresponding authors: Xiaorong Xie; Chengxi Liu.) Zhen Gong and Xiaorong Xie are with the State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ts-inghua University, Beijing 100084, China (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).

Keywords

Forced oscillation
PV inverter
oscillation amplification
real and reactive powers coupling
synchronous reference frame-based vector control

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10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3585352

Cite this

@article{e2d0d784dc4f4cceaaa513ce7ea073df,

title = "Forced Oscillation Analysis of Voltage-Oriented Vector Control-Based PV Inverter Connected to Weak Power Grids",

abstract = "Synchronous reference frame-based vector control (SRF-VC) is widely adopted by single stage photovoltaic (PV) inverter to transfer powers into power grids. However, the overshoot effect and power coupling in SRF-VC, i.e., real and reactive powers coupling (RRPC), may cause oscillation amplification and forced oscillation issues when interharmonics of real power reference (Pref) occur, which is induced by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. In this paper, a frequency domain analytical model is proposed to analyze the effect of overshoot and RRPC on forced oscillation when there is an oscillation source of Pref induced by MPPT. Firstly, interharmonics of Pref induced by MPPT is introduced, which can be the oscillation source of forced oscillation. Then, the power coupling mechanisms of SRF-VC are analyzed by visual phasor diagram, which is induced by slow dynamics of PLL in weak grids. Next, the frequency domain model considering RRPC channels are derived to analytically analyze its oscillation amplification characteristics when Pref at sub/super-synchronous resonance frequency occur. Furthermore, forced oscillation magnitudes influenced by different control parameters are investigated by bode diagram of the proposed frequency domain model. Finally, the influences of overshoot and RRPC on forced oscillation are validated by the simulations and control-hardware-in-loop tests.",

keywords = "Forced oscillation, PV inverter, oscillation amplification, real and reactive powers coupling, synchronous reference frame-based vector control",

author = "Zhen Gong and Xiaorong Xie and Chengxi Liu and Yonghao Gui and \{da Silva\}, \{Filipe Faria\} and Mingyuan Liu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1986-2012 IEEE.",

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T1 - Forced Oscillation Analysis of Voltage-Oriented Vector Control-Based PV Inverter Connected to Weak Power Grids

AU - Gong, Zhen

AU - Xie, Xiaorong

AU - Liu, Chengxi

AU - Gui, Yonghao

AU - da Silva, Filipe Faria

AU - Liu, Mingyuan

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Synchronous reference frame-based vector control (SRF-VC) is widely adopted by single stage photovoltaic (PV) inverter to transfer powers into power grids. However, the overshoot effect and power coupling in SRF-VC, i.e., real and reactive powers coupling (RRPC), may cause oscillation amplification and forced oscillation issues when interharmonics of real power reference (Pref) occur, which is induced by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. In this paper, a frequency domain analytical model is proposed to analyze the effect of overshoot and RRPC on forced oscillation when there is an oscillation source of Pref induced by MPPT. Firstly, interharmonics of Pref induced by MPPT is introduced, which can be the oscillation source of forced oscillation. Then, the power coupling mechanisms of SRF-VC are analyzed by visual phasor diagram, which is induced by slow dynamics of PLL in weak grids. Next, the frequency domain model considering RRPC channels are derived to analytically analyze its oscillation amplification characteristics when Pref at sub/super-synchronous resonance frequency occur. Furthermore, forced oscillation magnitudes influenced by different control parameters are investigated by bode diagram of the proposed frequency domain model. Finally, the influences of overshoot and RRPC on forced oscillation are validated by the simulations and control-hardware-in-loop tests.

AB - Synchronous reference frame-based vector control (SRF-VC) is widely adopted by single stage photovoltaic (PV) inverter to transfer powers into power grids. However, the overshoot effect and power coupling in SRF-VC, i.e., real and reactive powers coupling (RRPC), may cause oscillation amplification and forced oscillation issues when interharmonics of real power reference (Pref) occur, which is induced by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. In this paper, a frequency domain analytical model is proposed to analyze the effect of overshoot and RRPC on forced oscillation when there is an oscillation source of Pref induced by MPPT. Firstly, interharmonics of Pref induced by MPPT is introduced, which can be the oscillation source of forced oscillation. Then, the power coupling mechanisms of SRF-VC are analyzed by visual phasor diagram, which is induced by slow dynamics of PLL in weak grids. Next, the frequency domain model considering RRPC channels are derived to analytically analyze its oscillation amplification characteristics when Pref at sub/super-synchronous resonance frequency occur. Furthermore, forced oscillation magnitudes influenced by different control parameters are investigated by bode diagram of the proposed frequency domain model. Finally, the influences of overshoot and RRPC on forced oscillation are validated by the simulations and control-hardware-in-loop tests.

KW - Forced oscillation

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KW - synchronous reference frame-based vector control

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Forced Oscillation Analysis of Voltage-Oriented Vector Control-Based PV Inverter Connected to Weak Power Grids

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