Fluorination of MXene by Elemental F                         2                          as Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Bishnu P. Thapaliya; Charl J. Jafta; Hailong Lyu; Jiexiang Xia; Harry M. Meyer; M. Parans Paranthaman; Xiao Guang Sun; Craig A. Bridges; Sheng Dai

doi:10.1002/cssc.201900003

Fluorination of MXene by Elemental F ₂ as Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Bishnu P. Thapaliya, Charl J. Jafta, Hailong Lyu, Jiexiang Xia, Harry M. Meyer, M. Parans Paranthaman, Xiao Guang Sun, Craig A. Bridges, Sheng Dai

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

34 Scopus citations

Abstract

The transformation of MXene sheets into TiOF ₂ 2D sheets with superior electrochemical performance was developed. MXene synthesized from Ti ₃ AlC ₂ was fluorinated for 3, 6, and 24 h, respectively, by means of a direct fluorination process. Exposure of MXene powder to elemental fluorine for 3 h induced the formation of CF ₂ groups and TiF ₃ on the surface, which have beneficial effects on the electrochemical performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that after fluorinating the MXene sample for 6 h Ti ²⁺ and Ti ³⁺ were not present on the surface but only Ti ⁴⁺ , indicating the formation of TiOF ₂ . XRD indicated that TiOF ₂ was present after fluorinating for 3 h, and after 24 h the MXene had transformed to TiOF ₂ with minor impurities remaining, maintaining its 2D layer morphology. The 24 h fluorinated sample with its TiOF ₂ phase showed superior capacity that increased with cycle number. It also had a better rate capability than non-2D-layered TiOF ₂ , indicating the advantage of the 2D-layered morphology derived from the parent MXene phase.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1316-1324
Number of pages	9
Journal	ChemSusChem
Volume	12
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900003
State	Published - Apr 5 2019

Funding

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

Funders	Funder number
DOE Public Access Plan
United States Government
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Science
Basic Energy Sciences
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering	DEAC05-00OR22725

Keywords

MXene
TiOF
batteries
fluorination
lithium-ion

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1002/cssc.201900003

Cite this

Thapaliya, B. P., Jafta, C. J., Lyu, H., Xia, J., Meyer, H. M., Paranthaman, M. P., Sun, X. G., Bridges, C. A., & Dai, S. (2019). Fluorination of MXene by Elemental F ₂ as Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries ChemSusChem, 12(7), 1316-1324. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900003

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title = " Fluorination of MXene by Elemental F 2 as Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries ",

abstract = " The transformation of MXene sheets into TiOF 2 2D sheets with superior electrochemical performance was developed. MXene synthesized from Ti 3 AlC 2 was fluorinated for 3, 6, and 24 h, respectively, by means of a direct fluorination process. Exposure of MXene powder to elemental fluorine for 3 h induced the formation of CF 2 groups and TiF 3 on the surface, which have beneficial effects on the electrochemical performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that after fluorinating the MXene sample for 6 h Ti 2+ and Ti 3+ were not present on the surface but only Ti 4+ , indicating the formation of TiOF 2 . XRD indicated that TiOF 2 was present after fluorinating for 3 h, and after 24 h the MXene had transformed to TiOF 2 with minor impurities remaining, maintaining its 2D layer morphology. The 24 h fluorinated sample with its TiOF 2 phase showed superior capacity that increased with cycle number. It also had a better rate capability than non-2D-layered TiOF 2 , indicating the advantage of the 2D-layered morphology derived from the parent MXene phase.",

keywords = "MXene, TiOF, batteries, fluorination, lithium-ion",

author = "Thapaliya, {Bishnu P.} and Jafta, {Charl J.} and Hailong Lyu and Jiexiang Xia and Meyer, {Harry M.} and Paranthaman, {M. Parans} and Sun, {Xiao Guang} and Bridges, {Craig A.} and Sheng Dai",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",

year = "2019",

month = apr,

day = "5",

doi = "10.1002/cssc.201900003",

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Thapaliya, BP, Jafta, CJ, Lyu, H, Xia, J, Meyer, HM , Paranthaman, MP , Sun, XG , Bridges, CA & Dai, S 2019, ' Fluorination of MXene by Elemental F ₂ as Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries ', ChemSusChem, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1316-1324. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900003

Fluorination of MXene by Elemental F ₂ as Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries . / Thapaliya, Bishnu P.; Jafta, Charl J.; Lyu, Hailong et al.
In: ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, No. 7, 05.04.2019, p. 1316-1324.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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T1 - Fluorination of MXene by Elemental F 2 as Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

AU - Thapaliya, Bishnu P.

AU - Jafta, Charl J.

AU - Lyu, Hailong

AU - Xia, Jiexiang

AU - Meyer, Harry M.

AU - Paranthaman, M. Parans

AU - Sun, Xiao Guang

AU - Bridges, Craig A.

AU - Dai, Sheng

PY - 2019/4/5

Y1 - 2019/4/5

N2 - The transformation of MXene sheets into TiOF 2 2D sheets with superior electrochemical performance was developed. MXene synthesized from Ti 3 AlC 2 was fluorinated for 3, 6, and 24 h, respectively, by means of a direct fluorination process. Exposure of MXene powder to elemental fluorine for 3 h induced the formation of CF 2 groups and TiF 3 on the surface, which have beneficial effects on the electrochemical performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that after fluorinating the MXene sample for 6 h Ti 2+ and Ti 3+ were not present on the surface but only Ti 4+ , indicating the formation of TiOF 2 . XRD indicated that TiOF 2 was present after fluorinating for 3 h, and after 24 h the MXene had transformed to TiOF 2 with minor impurities remaining, maintaining its 2D layer morphology. The 24 h fluorinated sample with its TiOF 2 phase showed superior capacity that increased with cycle number. It also had a better rate capability than non-2D-layered TiOF 2 , indicating the advantage of the 2D-layered morphology derived from the parent MXene phase.

AB - The transformation of MXene sheets into TiOF 2 2D sheets with superior electrochemical performance was developed. MXene synthesized from Ti 3 AlC 2 was fluorinated for 3, 6, and 24 h, respectively, by means of a direct fluorination process. Exposure of MXene powder to elemental fluorine for 3 h induced the formation of CF 2 groups and TiF 3 on the surface, which have beneficial effects on the electrochemical performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that after fluorinating the MXene sample for 6 h Ti 2+ and Ti 3+ were not present on the surface but only Ti 4+ , indicating the formation of TiOF 2 . XRD indicated that TiOF 2 was present after fluorinating for 3 h, and after 24 h the MXene had transformed to TiOF 2 with minor impurities remaining, maintaining its 2D layer morphology. The 24 h fluorinated sample with its TiOF 2 phase showed superior capacity that increased with cycle number. It also had a better rate capability than non-2D-layered TiOF 2 , indicating the advantage of the 2D-layered morphology derived from the parent MXene phase.

KW - MXene

KW - TiOF

KW - batteries

KW - fluorination

KW - lithium-ion

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