First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation

D. Brout; D. Scolnic; R. Kessler; C. B. D'Andrea; T. M. Davis; R. R. Gupta; S. R. Hinton; A. G. Kim; J. Lasker; C. Lidman; E. Macaulay; A. Möller; R. C. Nichol; M. Sako; M. Smith; M. Sullivan; B. Zhang; P. Andersen; J. Asorey; A. Avelino; B. A. Bassett; P. Brown; J. Calcino; D. Carollo; P. Challis; M. Childress; A. Clocchiatti; A. V. Filippenko; R. J. Foley; L. Galbany; K. Glazebrook; J. K. Hoormann; E. Kasai; R. P. Kirshner; K. Kuehn; S. Kuhlmann; G. F. Lewis; K. S. Mandel; M. March; V. Miranda; E. Morganson; D. Muthukrishna; P. Nugent; A. Palmese; Y. C. Pan; R. Sharp; N. E. Sommer; E. Swann; R. C. Thomas; B. E. Tucker; S. A. Uddin; W. Wester; T. M.C. Abbott; S. Allam; J. Annis; S. Avila; K. Bechtol; G. M. Bernstein; E. Bertin; D. Brooks; D. L. Burke; A. Carnero Rosell; M. Carrasco Kind; J. Carretero; F. J. Castander; C. E. Cunha; L. N. Da Costa; C. Davis; J. De Vicente; D. L. Depoy; S. Desai; H. T. Diehl; P. Doel; A. Drlica-Wagner; T. F. Eifler; J. Estrada; E. Fernandez; B. Flaugher; P. Fosalba; J. Frieman; J. García-Bellido; D. Gruen; R. A. Gruendl; G. Gutierrez; W. G. Hartley; D. L. Hollowood; K. Honscheid; B. Hoyle; D. J. James; M. Jarvis; T. Jeltema; E. Krause; O. Lahav; T. S. Li; M. Lima; M. A.G. Maia; J. Marriner; J. L. Marshall; P. Martini; F. Menanteau; C. J. Miller; R. Miquel; R. L.C. Ogando; A. A. Plazas; A. K. Romer; A. Roodman; E. S. Rykoff; E. Sanchez; B. Santiago; V. Scarpine; M. Schubnell; S. Serrano; I. Sevilla-Noarbe; R. C. Smith; M. Soares-Santos; F. Sobreira; E. Suchyta; M. E.C. Swanson; G. Tarle; D. Thomas; M. A. Troxel; D. L. Tucker; V. Vikram; A. R. Walker; Y. Zhang

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab08a0

First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation

D. Brout, D. Scolnic, R. Kessler, C. B. D'Andrea, T. M. Davis, R. R. Gupta, S. R. Hinton, A. G. Kim, J. Lasker, C. Lidman, E. Macaulay, A. Möller, R. C. Nichol, M. Sako, M. Smith, M. Sullivan, B. Zhang, P. Andersen, J. Asorey, A. AvelinoB. A. Bassett, P. Brown, J. Calcino, D. Carollo, P. Challis, M. Childress, A. Clocchiatti, A. V. Filippenko, R. J. Foley, L. Galbany, K. Glazebrook, J. K. Hoormann, E. Kasai, R. P. Kirshner, K. Kuehn, S. Kuhlmann, G. F. Lewis, K. S. Mandel, M. March, V. Miranda, E. Morganson, D. Muthukrishna, P. Nugent, A. Palmese, Y. C. Pan, R. Sharp, N. E. Sommer, E. Swann, R. C. Thomas, B. E. Tucker, S. A. Uddin, W. Wester, T. M.C. Abbott, S. Allam, J. Annis, S. Avila, K. Bechtol, G. M. Bernstein, E. Bertin, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, F. J. Castander, C. E. Cunha, L. N. Da Costa, C. Davis, J. De Vicente, D. L. Depoy, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, P. Doel, A. Drlica-Wagner, T. F. Eifler, J. Estrada, E. Fernandez, B. Flaugher, P. Fosalba, J. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, G. Gutierrez, W. G. Hartley, D. L. Hollowood, K. Honscheid, B. Hoyle, D. J. James, M. Jarvis, T. Jeltema, E. Krause, O. Lahav, T. S. Li, M. Lima, M. A.G. Maia, J. Marriner, J. L. Marshall, P. Martini, F. Menanteau, C. J. Miller, R. Miquel, R. L.C. Ogando, A. A. Plazas, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, E. S. Rykoff, E. Sanchez, B. Santiago, V. Scarpine, M. Schubnell, S. Serrano, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, R. C. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, F. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, M. E.C. Swanson, G. Tarle, D. Thomas, M. A. Troxel, D. L. Tucker, V. Vikram, A. R. Walker, Y. Zhang

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Abstract

We present the analysis underpinning the measurement of cosmological parameters from 207 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN), spanning a redshift range of 0.017 < z < 0.849. We combine the DES-SN sample with an external sample of 122 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, resulting in a "DES-SN3YR" sample of 329 SNe Ia. Our cosmological analyses are blinded: after combining our DES-SN3YR distances with constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background, our uncertainties in the measurement of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w, are 0.042 (stat) and 0.059 (stat+syst) at 68% confidence. We provide a detailed systematic uncertainty budget, which has nearly equal contributions from photometric calibration, astrophysical bias corrections, and instrumental bias corrections. We also include several new sources of systematic uncertainty. While our sample is less than one-third the size of the Pantheon sample, our constraints on w are only larger by 1.4×, showing the impact of the DES-SN Ia light-curve quality. We find that the traditional stretch and color standardization parameters of the DES-SNe Ia are in agreement with earlier SN Ia samples such as Pan-STARRS1 and the Supernova Legacy Survey. However, we find smaller intrinsic scatter about the Hubble diagram (0.077 mag). Interestingly, we find no evidence for a Hubble residual step (0.007 ± 0.018 mag) as a function of host-galaxy mass for the DES subset, in 2.4σ tension with previous measurements. We also present novel validation methods of our sample using simulated SNe Ia inserted in DECam images and using large catalog-level simulations to test for biases in our analysis pipelines.

Original language	English
Article number	150
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	874
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab08a0
State	Published - Apr 1 2019

Funding

Funders	Funder number
National Science Foundation	1138766, 1517742, 240672, 615929, 306478, 291329

Keywords

cosmological parameters
dark energy
supernovae: general

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10.3847/1538-4357/ab08a0

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Brout, D., Scolnic, D., Kessler, R., D'Andrea, C. B., Davis, T. M., Gupta, R. R., Hinton, S. R., Kim, A. G., Lasker, J., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., Möller, A., Nichol, R. C., Sako, M., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Zhang, B., Andersen, P., Asorey, J., ... Zhang, Y. (2019). First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation. Astrophysical Journal, 874(2), Article 150. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab08a0

@article{35ad06807d374c99a7f188e14cff7cf9,

title = "First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation",

abstract = "We present the analysis underpinning the measurement of cosmological parameters from 207 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN), spanning a redshift range of 0.017 < z < 0.849. We combine the DES-SN sample with an external sample of 122 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, resulting in a {"}DES-SN3YR{"} sample of 329 SNe Ia. Our cosmological analyses are blinded: after combining our DES-SN3YR distances with constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background, our uncertainties in the measurement of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w, are 0.042 (stat) and 0.059 (stat+syst) at 68% confidence. We provide a detailed systematic uncertainty budget, which has nearly equal contributions from photometric calibration, astrophysical bias corrections, and instrumental bias corrections. We also include several new sources of systematic uncertainty. While our sample is less than one-third the size of the Pantheon sample, our constraints on w are only larger by 1.4×, showing the impact of the DES-SN Ia light-curve quality. We find that the traditional stretch and color standardization parameters of the DES-SNe Ia are in agreement with earlier SN Ia samples such as Pan-STARRS1 and the Supernova Legacy Survey. However, we find smaller intrinsic scatter about the Hubble diagram (0.077 mag). Interestingly, we find no evidence for a Hubble residual step (0.007 ± 0.018 mag) as a function of host-galaxy mass for the DES subset, in 2.4σ tension with previous measurements. We also present novel validation methods of our sample using simulated SNe Ia inserted in DECam images and using large catalog-level simulations to test for biases in our analysis pipelines.",

keywords = "cosmological parameters, dark energy, supernovae: general",

author = "D. Brout and D. Scolnic and R. Kessler and D'Andrea, {C. B.} and Davis, {T. M.} and Gupta, {R. R.} and Hinton, {S. R.} and Kim, {A. G.} and J. Lasker and C. Lidman and E. Macaulay and A. M{\"o}ller and Nichol, {R. C.} and M. Sako and M. Smith and M. Sullivan and B. Zhang and P. Andersen and J. Asorey and A. Avelino and Bassett, {B. A.} and P. Brown and J. Calcino and D. Carollo and P. Challis and M. Childress and A. Clocchiatti and Filippenko, {A. V.} and Foley, {R. J.} and L. Galbany and K. Glazebrook and Hoormann, {J. K.} and E. Kasai and Kirshner, {R. P.} and K. Kuehn and S. Kuhlmann and Lewis, {G. F.} and Mandel, {K. S.} and M. March and V. Miranda and E. Morganson and D. Muthukrishna and P. Nugent and A. Palmese and Pan, {Y. C.} and R. Sharp and Sommer, {N. E.} and E. Swann and Thomas, {R. C.} and Tucker, {B. E.} and Uddin, {S. A.} and W. Wester and Abbott, {T. M.C.} and S. Allam and J. Annis and S. Avila and K. Bechtol and Bernstein, {G. M.} and E. Bertin and D. Brooks and Burke, {D. L.} and Rosell, {A. Carnero} and Kind, {M. Carrasco} and J. Carretero and Castander, {F. J.} and Cunha, {C. E.} and {Da Costa}, {L. N.} and C. Davis and {De Vicente}, J. and Depoy, {D. L.} and S. Desai and Diehl, {H. T.} and P. Doel and A. Drlica-Wagner and Eifler, {T. F.} and J. Estrada and E. Fernandez and B. Flaugher and P. Fosalba and J. Frieman and J. Garc{\'i}a-Bellido and D. Gruen and Gruendl, {R. A.} and G. Gutierrez and Hartley, {W. G.} and Hollowood, {D. L.} and K. Honscheid and B. Hoyle and James, {D. J.} and M. Jarvis and T. Jeltema and E. Krause and O. Lahav and Li, {T. S.} and M. Lima and Maia, {M. A.G.} and J. Marriner and Marshall, {J. L.} and P. Martini and F. Menanteau and Miller, {C. J.} and R. Miquel and Ogando, {R. L.C.} and Plazas, {A. A.} and Romer, {A. K.} and A. Roodman and Rykoff, {E. S.} and E. Sanchez and B. Santiago and V. Scarpine and M. Schubnell and S. Serrano and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and Smith, {R. C.} and M. Soares-Santos and F. Sobreira and E. Suchyta and Swanson, {M. E.C.} and G. Tarle and D. Thomas and Troxel, {M. A.} and Tucker, {D. L.} and V. Vikram and Walker, {A. R.} and Y. Zhang",

year = "2019",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ab08a0",

language = "English",

volume = "874",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Brout, D, Scolnic, D, Kessler, R, D'Andrea, CB, Davis, TM, Gupta, RR, Hinton, SR, Kim, AG, Lasker, J, Lidman, C, Macaulay, E, Möller, A, Nichol, RC, Sako, M, Smith, M, Sullivan, M, Zhang, B, Andersen, P, Asorey, J, Avelino, A, Bassett, BA, Brown, P, Calcino, J, Carollo, D, Challis, P, Childress, M, Clocchiatti, A, Filippenko, AV, Foley, RJ, Galbany, L, Glazebrook, K, Hoormann, JK, Kasai, E, Kirshner, RP, Kuehn, K, Kuhlmann, S, Lewis, GF, Mandel, KS, March, M, Miranda, V, Morganson, E, Muthukrishna, D, Nugent, P, Palmese, A, Pan, YC, Sharp, R, Sommer, NE, Swann, E, Thomas, RC, Tucker, BE, Uddin, SA, Wester, W, Abbott, TMC, Allam, S, Annis, J, Avila, S, Bechtol, K, Bernstein, GM, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Rosell, AC, Kind, MC, Carretero, J, Castander, FJ, Cunha, CE, Da Costa, LN, Davis, C, De Vicente, J, Depoy, DL, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Drlica-Wagner, A, Eifler, TF, Estrada, J, Fernandez, E, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoyle, B, James, DJ, Jarvis, M, Jeltema, T, Krause, E, Lahav, O, Li, TS, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, Marriner, J, Marshall, JL, Martini, P, Menanteau, F, Miller, CJ, Miquel, R, Ogando, RLC, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Roodman, A, Rykoff, ES, Sanchez, E, Santiago, B, Scarpine, V, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, RC, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, Troxel, MA, Tucker, DL, Vikram, V, Walker, AR & Zhang, Y 2019, 'First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 874, no. 2, 150. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab08a0

TY - JOUR

T1 - First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey

T2 - Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation

AU - Brout, D.

AU - Scolnic, D.

AU - Kessler, R.

AU - D'Andrea, C. B.

AU - Davis, T. M.

AU - Gupta, R. R.

AU - Hinton, S. R.

AU - Kim, A. G.

AU - Lasker, J.

AU - Lidman, C.

AU - Macaulay, E.

AU - Möller, A.

AU - Nichol, R. C.

AU - Sako, M.

AU - Smith, M.

AU - Sullivan, M.

AU - Zhang, B.

AU - Andersen, P.

AU - Asorey, J.

AU - Avelino, A.

AU - Bassett, B. A.

AU - Brown, P.

AU - Calcino, J.

AU - Carollo, D.

AU - Challis, P.

AU - Childress, M.

AU - Clocchiatti, A.

AU - Filippenko, A. V.

AU - Foley, R. J.

AU - Galbany, L.

AU - Glazebrook, K.

AU - Hoormann, J. K.

AU - Kasai, E.

AU - Kirshner, R. P.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Kuhlmann, S.

AU - Lewis, G. F.

AU - Mandel, K. S.

AU - March, M.

AU - Miranda, V.

AU - Morganson, E.

AU - Muthukrishna, D.

AU - Nugent, P.

AU - Palmese, A.

AU - Pan, Y. C.

AU - Sharp, R.

AU - Sommer, N. E.

AU - Swann, E.

AU - Thomas, R. C.

AU - Tucker, B. E.

AU - Uddin, S. A.

AU - Wester, W.

AU - Abbott, T. M.C.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Annis, J.

AU - Avila, S.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Bernstein, G. M.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Burke, D. L.

AU - Rosell, A. Carnero

AU - Kind, M. Carrasco

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Castander, F. J.

AU - Cunha, C. E.

AU - Da Costa, L. N.

AU - Davis, C.

AU - De Vicente, J.

AU - Depoy, D. L.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Eifler, T. F.

AU - Estrada, J.

AU - Fernandez, E.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Fosalba, P.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - García-Bellido, J.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Hartley, W. G.

AU - Hollowood, D. L.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - Hoyle, B.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Jarvis, M.

AU - Jeltema, T.

AU - Krause, E.

AU - Lahav, O.

AU - Li, T. S.

AU - Lima, M.

AU - Maia, M. A.G.

AU - Marriner, J.

AU - Marshall, J. L.

AU - Martini, P.

AU - Menanteau, F.

AU - Miller, C. J.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Ogando, R. L.C.

AU - Plazas, A. A.

AU - Romer, A. K.

AU - Roodman, A.

AU - Rykoff, E. S.

AU - Sanchez, E.

AU - Santiago, B.

AU - Scarpine, V.

AU - Schubnell, M.

AU - Serrano, S.

AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.

AU - Smith, R. C.

AU - Soares-Santos, M.

AU - Sobreira, F.

AU - Suchyta, E.

AU - Swanson, M. E.C.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - Thomas, D.

AU - Troxel, M. A.

AU - Tucker, D. L.

AU - Vikram, V.

AU - Walker, A. R.

AU - Zhang, Y.

PY - 2019/4/1

Y1 - 2019/4/1

N2 - We present the analysis underpinning the measurement of cosmological parameters from 207 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN), spanning a redshift range of 0.017 < z < 0.849. We combine the DES-SN sample with an external sample of 122 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, resulting in a "DES-SN3YR" sample of 329 SNe Ia. Our cosmological analyses are blinded: after combining our DES-SN3YR distances with constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background, our uncertainties in the measurement of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w, are 0.042 (stat) and 0.059 (stat+syst) at 68% confidence. We provide a detailed systematic uncertainty budget, which has nearly equal contributions from photometric calibration, astrophysical bias corrections, and instrumental bias corrections. We also include several new sources of systematic uncertainty. While our sample is less than one-third the size of the Pantheon sample, our constraints on w are only larger by 1.4×, showing the impact of the DES-SN Ia light-curve quality. We find that the traditional stretch and color standardization parameters of the DES-SNe Ia are in agreement with earlier SN Ia samples such as Pan-STARRS1 and the Supernova Legacy Survey. However, we find smaller intrinsic scatter about the Hubble diagram (0.077 mag). Interestingly, we find no evidence for a Hubble residual step (0.007 ± 0.018 mag) as a function of host-galaxy mass for the DES subset, in 2.4σ tension with previous measurements. We also present novel validation methods of our sample using simulated SNe Ia inserted in DECam images and using large catalog-level simulations to test for biases in our analysis pipelines.

AB - We present the analysis underpinning the measurement of cosmological parameters from 207 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN), spanning a redshift range of 0.017 < z < 0.849. We combine the DES-SN sample with an external sample of 122 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, resulting in a "DES-SN3YR" sample of 329 SNe Ia. Our cosmological analyses are blinded: after combining our DES-SN3YR distances with constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background, our uncertainties in the measurement of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w, are 0.042 (stat) and 0.059 (stat+syst) at 68% confidence. We provide a detailed systematic uncertainty budget, which has nearly equal contributions from photometric calibration, astrophysical bias corrections, and instrumental bias corrections. We also include several new sources of systematic uncertainty. While our sample is less than one-third the size of the Pantheon sample, our constraints on w are only larger by 1.4×, showing the impact of the DES-SN Ia light-curve quality. We find that the traditional stretch and color standardization parameters of the DES-SNe Ia are in agreement with earlier SN Ia samples such as Pan-STARRS1 and the Supernova Legacy Survey. However, we find smaller intrinsic scatter about the Hubble diagram (0.077 mag). Interestingly, we find no evidence for a Hubble residual step (0.007 ± 0.018 mag) as a function of host-galaxy mass for the DES subset, in 2.4σ tension with previous measurements. We also present novel validation methods of our sample using simulated SNe Ia inserted in DECam images and using large catalog-level simulations to test for biases in our analysis pipelines.

KW - cosmological parameters

KW - dark energy

KW - supernovae: general

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064438206&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab08a0

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab08a0

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85064438206

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 874

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 150

ER -

First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation

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