TY - JOUR
T1 - Field studies on the formation of sinking CO2 particles for ocean carbon sequestration
T2 - Effects of injector geometry on particle density and dissolution rate and model simulation of plume behavior
AU - Riestenberg, David E.
AU - Tsouris, Costas
AU - Brewer, Peter G.
AU - Peltzer, Edward T.
AU - Walz, Peter
AU - Chow, Aaron C.
AU - Adams, E. Eric
PY - 2005/9/15
Y1 - 2005/9/15
N2 - We have carried out the second phase of field studies to determine the effectiveness of a coflow injector which mixes liquid CO2 and ambient seawater to produce a hydrate slurry as a possible CO2 delivery method for ocean carbon sequestration. The experiments were carried out at ocean depths of 1000-1300 m in Monterey Bay, CA, using a larger injector than that initially employed under remotely operated vehicle control and imaging of the product. Solidlike composite particles comprised of water, solid CO2 hydrate, and liquid CO2 were produced in both studies. In the recent injections, the particles consistently sank at rates of ∼5 cm s -1. The density of the sinking particles suggested that ∼40% of the injected CO2 was converted to hydrate, while image analysis of the particle shrinking rate indicated a CO2 dissolution rate of 0.76-1.29, μmol Cm-2 s-1. Plume modeling of the hydrate composite particles suggests that while discrete particles may sink 10-70 m, injections with CO2 mass fluxes of 1-1000 kg s-1 would result in sinking plumes 120-1000 m below the injection point.
AB - We have carried out the second phase of field studies to determine the effectiveness of a coflow injector which mixes liquid CO2 and ambient seawater to produce a hydrate slurry as a possible CO2 delivery method for ocean carbon sequestration. The experiments were carried out at ocean depths of 1000-1300 m in Monterey Bay, CA, using a larger injector than that initially employed under remotely operated vehicle control and imaging of the product. Solidlike composite particles comprised of water, solid CO2 hydrate, and liquid CO2 were produced in both studies. In the recent injections, the particles consistently sank at rates of ∼5 cm s -1. The density of the sinking particles suggested that ∼40% of the injected CO2 was converted to hydrate, while image analysis of the particle shrinking rate indicated a CO2 dissolution rate of 0.76-1.29, μmol Cm-2 s-1. Plume modeling of the hydrate composite particles suggests that while discrete particles may sink 10-70 m, injections with CO2 mass fluxes of 1-1000 kg s-1 would result in sinking plumes 120-1000 m below the injection point.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=25144484414&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/es050125+
DO - 10.1021/es050125+
M3 - Article
C2 - 16201660
AN - SCOPUS:25144484414
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 39
SP - 7287
EP - 7293
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 18
ER -