Abstract
Randomness expansion where one generates a longer sequence of random numbers from a short one is viable in quantum mechanics but not allowed classically. Device-independent quantum randomness expansion provides a randomness resource of the highest security level. Here, we report the first experimental realization of device-independent quantum randomness expansion secure against quantum side information established through quantum probability estimation. We generate 5.47×108 quantum-proof random bits while consuming 4.39×108 bits of entropy, expanding our store of randomness by 1.08×108 bits at a latency of about 13.1 h, with a total soundness error 4.6×10-10. Device-independent quantum randomness expansion not only enriches our understanding of randomness but also sets a solid base to bring quantum-certifiable random bits into realistic applications.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 050503 |
| Journal | Physical Review Letters |
| Volume | 126 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 4 2021 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Funding
The authors would like to thank X. Yuan and R. Colbeck for enlightening discussions, and E. Knill for pointing out a mistake in an earlier version. This work has been supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0304000, 2017YFA0303900 and 2017YFA0304004), the National Fundamental Research Program (under Grant No. 2013CB336800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Grant No. 2019B121203002, Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program Grant No. 2019ZT08X324, the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province Grant No. 2020B0303010001, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2019SHZDZX01), and the Zhongguancun Haihua Institute for Frontier Information Technology.