Abstract
2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets open landmark horizons in the development of innovative spintronic device architectures. However, their fabrication with large scale poses challenges due to high synthesis temperatures (>500 °C) and difficulties in integrating them with standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology on amorphous substrates such as silicon oxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (SiNx). Here, a seeded growth technique for crystallizing CrTe2 films on amorphous SiNx/Si and SiO2/Si substrates with a low thermal budget is presented. This fabrication process optimizes large-scale, granular atomic layers on amorphous substrates, yielding a substantial coercivity of 11.5 kilo-oersted, attributed to weak intergranular exchange coupling. Field-driven Néel-type stripe domain dynamics explain the amplified coercivity. Moreover, the granular CrTe2 devices on Si wafers display significantly enhanced magnetoresistance, more than doubling that of single-crystalline counterparts. Current-assisted magnetization switching, enabled by a substantial spin–orbit torque with a large spin Hall angle (85) and spin Hall conductivity (1.02 × 107 ℏ/2e Ω⁻¹ m⁻¹), is also demonstrated. These observations underscore the proficiency in manipulating crystallinity within integrated 2D magnetic films on Si wafers, paving the way for large-scale batch manufacturing of practical magnetoelectronic and spintronic devices, heralding a new era of technological innovation.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2311591 |
| Journal | Advanced Materials |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue number | 24 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 13 2024 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Funding
X.Z., Y.L., Q.L., and X.X. contributed equally to this work. W.J. acknowledges the support of the U.S. NSF EPM Grant No. DMR‐2129879. W.Z. and Y.X. acknowledges the support of the U.S. NSF under Grant No. ECCS‐2246254. P.L. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant (NO. 92365113), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFA1406603). P.L. thanks the Information Science Laboratory Center of USTC for instrument support. This work was partially carried out at the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication. G.B. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, grant DOI:10.37807/gbmf12247. X.Z. acknowledges the support of the fellowship of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M701590). Work by Y.L. and C.P. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE‐AC02‐06CH11357. Portions of this work were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Science Center. (Q.L. was supported) E.J.G.S. acknowledges the EPSRC Open Fellowship (EP/T021578/1) and the University of Edinburgh for funding support. P.C. would like to acknowledge the China Scholarship Council grant 202208060246 for sponsoring the project. E.J.G.S. acknowledges computational resources through CIRRUS Tier‐2 HPC Service (ec131 Cirrus Project) at EPCC ( http://www.cirrus.ac.uk ) funded by the University of Edinburgh and EPSRC (EP/P020267/1); ARCHER2 UK National Supercomputing Service (Project d429). X.Z., Y.L., Q.L., and X.X. contributed equally to this work. W.J. acknowledges the support of the U.S. NSF EPM Grant No. DMR-2129879. W.Z. and Y.X. acknowledges the support of the U.S. NSF under Grant No. ECCS-2246254. P.L. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant (NO. 92365113), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFA1406603). P.L. thanks the Information Science Laboratory Center of USTC for instrument support. This work was partially carried out at the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication. G.B. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, grant DOI:10.37807/gbmf12247. X.Z. acknowledges the support of the fellowship of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M701590). Work by Y.L. and C.P. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Portions of this work were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Science Center. (Q.L. was supported) E.J.G.S. acknowledges the EPSRC Open Fellowship (EP/T021578/1) and the University of Edinburgh for funding support. P.C. would like to acknowledge the China Scholarship Council grant 202208060246 for sponsoring the project. E.J.G.S. acknowledges computational resources through CIRRUS Tier-2 HPC Service (ec131 Cirrus Project) at EPCC (http://www.cirrus.ac.uk) funded by the University of Edinburgh and EPSRC (EP/P020267/1); ARCHER2 UK National Supercomputing Service (Project d429).
Keywords
- 2D magnetic thin films
- Néel-type domain dynamics
- amorphous substrates
- low thermal budget
- spin–orbit torque