Epileptic event forewarning from scalp EEG

The authors present a model-independent approach to quantify changes in the dynamics underlying nonlinear time-serial data. From time-windowed datasets, the authors construct discrete distribution functions on the phase space. Condition change between base case and test case distribution functions is assessed by dissimilarity measures via L₁ distance and X² statistic. The discriminating power of these measures is first tested on noiseless data from the Lorenz and Bondarenko models, and is then applied to detecting dynamic change in multichannel clinical scalp EEG data. The authors compare the dissimilarity measures with the traditional nonlinear measures used in the analysis of chaotic systems. They also assess the potential usefulness of the new measures for robust, accurate, and timely forewarning of epileptic events.