Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions

J. Adam, D. Adamov, M. M. Aggarwal, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, S. Aiola, A. Akindinov, S. N. Alam, D. S.D. Albuquerque, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, D. Alexandre, R. Alfaro Molina, A. Alici, A. Alkin, J. AlmeT. Alt, S. Altinpinar, I. Altsybeev, C. Alves Garcia Prado, M. An, C. Andrei, H. A. Andrews, A. Andronic, V. Anguelov, T. Anticic, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, L. Aphecetche, H. Appelshäuser, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, O. W. Arnold, I. C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, B. Audurier, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, M. D. Azmi, A. Badalà, Y. W. Baek, S. Bagnasco, R. Bailhache, R. Bala, S. Balasubramanian, A. Baldisseri, R. C. Baral, A. M. Barbano, R. Barbera, F. Barile, G. G. Barnafldi, L. S. Barnby, V. Barret, P. Bartalini, K. Barth, J. Bartke, E. Bartsch, M. Basile, N. Bastid, S. Basu, B. Bathen, G. Batigne, A. Batista Camejo, B. Batyunya, P. C. Batzing, I. G. Bearden, H. Beck, C. Bedda, N. K. Behera, I. Belikov, F. Bellini, H. Bello Martinez, R. 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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

470 Scopus citations

Abstract

At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed. Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions, is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions, but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p-Pb collision results, indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)535-539
Number of pages5
JournalNature Physics
Volume13
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2 2017

Funding

The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and theWorldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: State Committee of Science,World Federation of Scientists (WFS) and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC); Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia and Unity through Knowledge Fund, Croatia; Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic; Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Carlsberg Foundation and the Danish National Research Foundation; The European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme; Helsinki Institute of Physics and the Academy of Finland; French CNRS-IN2P3, the Region Pays de Loire', Region Alsace', Region Auvergne' and CEA, France; German Bundesministerium fur Bildung,Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and the Helmholtz Association; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Development, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH), Hungary; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi; Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi', Italy; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and MEXT, Japan; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Consejo Nacional de Cienca y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico(DGAPA), Mexico, Amerique Latine Formation academique - European Commission (ALFA-EC) and the EPLANET Program (European Particle Physics Latin American Network); Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; Research Council of Norway (NFR); Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru; National Science Centre, Poland; Ministry of National Education/Institute for Atomic Physics and National Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education (CNCSI-UEFISCDI), Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy, Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations and The Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministry of Education of Slovakia; Department of Science and Technology, South Africa; Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), E-Infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America (EELA), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain, Xunta de Galicia (Conselleria de Educacion), Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnolgicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergia, Cuba, and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency); Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut and AliceWallenberg Foundation (KAW); National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand; Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); The United States Department of Energy, the United States National Science Foundation, the State of Texas, and the State of Ohio The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: State Committee of Science, World Federation of Scientists (WFS) and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP); Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC)’’; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia and Unity through Knowledge Fund, Croatia; Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic; Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Carlsberg Foundation and the Danish National Research Foundation; The European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme; Helsinki Institute of Physics and the Academy of Finland; French CNRS-IN2P3, the ‘Region Pays de Loire’, ‘Region Alsace’, ‘Region Auvergne’ and CEA, France; German Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and the Helmholtz Association; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Development, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH), Hungary; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi; Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche ‘Enrico Fermi’, Italy; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and MEXT, Japan; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Consejo Nacional de Cienca y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico(DGAPA), México, Amerique Latine Formation academique - European Commission (ALFA-EC) and the EPLANET Program (European Particle Physics Latin American Network); Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; Research Council of Norway (NFR); Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; National Science Centre, Poland; Ministry of National Education/Institute for Atomic Physics and National Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education (CNCSI-UEFISCDI), Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy, Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations and The Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministry of Education of Slovakia; Department of Science and Technology, South Africa; Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), E-Infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America (EELA), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain, Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Educación), Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnolgicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba, and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency); Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW); National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand; Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); The United States Department of Energy, the United States National Science Foundation, the State of Texas, and the State of Ohio.

FundersFunder number
ALFA-EC
CNCSI-UEFISCDI
Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche ‘Enrico Fermi’, Italy
Danish Natural Science Research Council
Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India
Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico(DGAPA), México, Amerique Latine Formation academique
General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Development
Helsinki Institute of Physics
Knut and AliceWallenberg Foundation
Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic
Ministry of Education of Slovakia
Ministry of National Education/Institute for Atomic Physics and National Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education
Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia and Unity
NFR
NRU
Region Auvergne' and CEA
Region Auvergne’ and CEA
Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy, Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations
State Committee of Science, World Federation
State Committee of Science,World Federation
State of Ohio
Swiss Fonds Kidagan
United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council
Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Educación
National Science Foundation1307461, 1613118, 1305280
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy
Seventh Framework Programme
Office of the Higher Education Commission
Science and Technology Facilities Council2014 STFC Nuclear Physics CG, ST/M001601/1, ST/J000108/1
Science and Technology Facilities Council
European Commission
European Research Council
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science15H03664, 17H01122, 26220707
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Academy of FinlandCNRS-IN2P3
Academy of Finland
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Russian Academy of Sciences
Carlsbergfondet
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
National Research Foundation of Korea
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
National Science and Technology Development Agency
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Suranaree University of Technology
Vetenskapsrådet
International Atomic Energy Agency
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Seventh Framework Programme
Norges Forskningsråd
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Helmholtz Association
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Conseil Régional des Pays de la Loire
Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear

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