Abstract
In recent years, concerns have been raised about the occurrence of active raw materials and pharmaceutical ingredients that may be present in water, including wastewater, in the pharmaceutical industry. Wastewater treatment methods are not enough to completely remove active pharmaceuticals and other waste; thus, this study aims to assess the use of a multiwall carbon nanotube after derivatization and magnetization as a new and renewable absorbent for removing ibuprofen from an aqueous medium. The adsorbents were prepared by first oxidizing a multiwall carbon nanotube and then deriving the oxidized product with hydroxyl amine (m-MWCNT-HA), hydrazine (m-MWCNT-HYD), and amino acid (m-MWCNT-CYS). Adsorbents were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to study the effects of pH, temperature, time, and initial concentration of the adsorbate. Adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies were also conducted. The results show that the optimal pH for nearly complete removal of Ibu in a short time at room temperature was 4 for three adsorbents. The adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with pseudo-second-order kinetics. The percentage of removal of ibuprofen reached up to 98.4%, 93%, and 61.5% for m-MWCNT-CYS, m-MWCNT-HYD, and m-MWCNT-HA respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the grafted MWCNTs presented in this work comprise the first example in the literature of oxidized MWCNT modified with such functionalities and applied for ibuprofen removal.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 3329 |
| Journal | Materials |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 15 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Funding
Author contributions: G.H. and S.J. conceived and designed the research; G.H., B.K., A.Q., S.S. performed experiments; R.B. and O.H. analyzed data. S.S. helped in financial support. S.J., G.H., O.H. approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Author Contributions: G.H. and S.J. conceived and designed the research; G.H., B.K., A.Q., S.S. performed experiments; R.B. and O.H. analyzed data. S.S. helped in financial support. S.J., G.H., O.H. All authors have read ManWd CagNreTe–dCtOoOthHe p= uObxliisdhizeeddvMerusilotinwoafllt hcaermboann unsacnroiptut.be This study was supported by MEDRC and PWA. Part of research was supported by PADUCO. The authors would like to thank the MEDRC and Palestine Water Authority for their financial help during this study. Many thanks go to PADUCO 2 for some financial support. This work was in part supported by the research project "Palestinian German Scientific Bridge (PGSB)" carried out by the Forschungszentrum J?lich and Palestinian Academy for Science and Technology-PALAST and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
Keywords
- Adsorption
- Ibuprofen
- Isotherm
- Kinetics
- Magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotube