Abstract
The emergence and dominance of lithium-ion batteries in expanding markets such as consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage are driving enormous interests and investments in the battery sector. The explosively growing demand is generating a huge number of spent lithium-ion batteries, thereby urging the development of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable recycling technologies to manage end-of-life batteries. Currently, the recycling of end-of-life batteries is still in its infancy, with many fundamental and technological hurdles to overcome. Here, the authors provide an overview of the current state of battery recycling by outlining and evaluating the incentives, key issues, and recycling strategies. The authors highlight a direct recycling strategy through discussion of its benefits, processes, and challenges. Perspectives on the future energy and environmental science of this important field is also discussed with respect to a new concept introduced as the Battery Identity Global Passport (BIGP).
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 304-315 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Materials Today |
| Volume | 41 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Funding
This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 , was sponsored by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office (Interim Director: David Howell, Program Manager: Samuel Gillard). This work was done in collaboration with the ReCell Center at Argonne National Laboratory. Dr. Stefano Passerini acknowledges the basic funding from the Helmholtz Association. This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office (Interim Director: David Howell, Program Manager: Samuel Gillard). This work was done in collaboration with the ReCell Center at Argonne National Laboratory. Dr. Stefano Passerini acknowledges the basic funding from the Helmholtz Association. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | DE-AC05-00OR22725 |
| Argonne National Laboratory | |
| Oak Ridge National Laboratory | |
| UT-Battelle | |
| Helmholtz Association |
