Abstract
Safety and cost are the key metrics for large-scale energy storage. Due to the use of nonaqueous electrolytes and transition metal oxides in current lithium-ion battery technologies, safety, cost, and environmental issues are a significant cause for concern. Graphite is a promising cathode material for dual-ion batteries due to its high operating potential, low cost, and high safety. Nevertheless, it is challenging to find a suitable aqueous electrolyte due to the narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 V). This work presents a graphite || zinc metal aqueous dual-ion battery of ≈2.3–2.5 V, a remarkably high voltage in aqueous zinc batteries, achieving >80% capacity retention after 200 cycles and delivering ≈110 mAh g–1 at a charge/discharge current of 200 mA g–1. A capacity of nearly 60 mAh g–1 is achieved at a charge/discharge current of 5000 mA g–1. Natural graphite is enabled as a reversible cathode using a highly concentrated lithium-free bisalt aqueous electrolyte.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2001256 |
| Journal | Advanced Energy Materials |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 41 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 1 2020 |
Funding
This work was conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. I.A.R.-P. is grateful for the support of the Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship program. Simulation work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Synthesis and Processing Sciences Program FWP 12152. Computational, NMR, and XPS resources were provided by EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research under contract no. DE-AC02-76SF00515 and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NMR and XAS studies were supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors are thankful for the ICP results provided by Zimin Nie, the help from Aaron Hollas in obtaining FTIR results, and the help from Nathan Canfield in obtaining SEM and EDX results: all in the Energy and Environment Directorate at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The authors from University of Münster thank the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Innovation, Digitalization and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MWIDE) for funding this work in the project “GrEEn” (313-W044A). The authors are also thankful for the graphical abstract/cover art provided by Hongkyung Lee, an assistant professor in the Department of Energy Science and Engineering in the Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. This work was conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. I.A.R.‐P. is grateful for the support of the Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship program. Simulation work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Synthesis and Processing Sciences Program FWP 12152. Computational, NMR, and XPS resources were provided by EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research under contract no. DE‐AC02‐76SF00515 and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NMR and XAS studies were supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE‐AC02‐06CH11357. The authors are thankful for the ICP results provided by Zimin Nie, the help from Aaron Hollas in obtaining FTIR results, and the help from Nathan Canfield in obtaining SEM and EDX results: all in the Energy and Environment Directorate at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The authors from University of Münster thank the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Innovation, Digitalization and Energy of the State of North Rhine‐Westphalia (MWIDE) for funding this work in the project “GrEEn” (313‐W044A). The authors are also thankful for the graphical abstract/cover art provided by Hongkyung Lee, an assistant professor in the Department of Energy Science and Engineering in the Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
Keywords
- anion intercalation
- aqueous batteries
- dual-ion batteries
- water-in-bisalt electrolytes
- zinc anodes