Emissions Merit Function for Evaluating Multifunctional Catalyst Beds

Todd J. Toops; Pranaw Kunal

doi:10.3390/catal12040419

Emissions Merit Function for Evaluating Multifunctional Catalyst Beds

Todd J. Toops, Pranaw Kunal

Applied Catalysis&Emissions Res. Group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

With emission control regulations getting stricter, multi-functional catalyst systems are increasingly important for low-temperature operation. We investigate a wide range of multi-component catalyst systems, as physical mixtures and in multi-bed configurations, while varying the ratios of hydrocarbon traps (HCT), passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs), and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC). Using industrially guided protocols, we measured the ability of these complex catalyst systems to reduce emissions during a 40 °C/min temperature ramp to simulate cold-start conditions. Using a temperature boundary condition of 250 °C, the average conversion was calculated for each regulated pollutant: CO, NOx, and total hydrocarbons (THC). An emissions merit function was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of each system relative to the relevant emission standards and expected engine exhaust concentrations. This merit function identified that a 1:1:4 ratio of PNA:HCT:DOC was the most effective emissions reduction configuration and had similar reactivity as a physical mixture or as a PNA→HCT→DOC multi-bed reactor.

Original language	English
Article number	419
Journal	Catalysts
Volume	12
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12040419
State	Published - Apr 2022

Funding

was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO). The authors greatly appreciate support from Ken Howden, Siddiq Khan, and Gurpreet Singh at VTO. Funding: Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO). The authors greatly appreciate support from Ken Howden, Siddiq Khan, and Gurpreet Singh at VTO. Acknowledgments: This manuscript has been authored by UT‐Battelle, LLC., under contract DE‐ AC05‐00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). I would also like to acknowledge many fruitful conversations in the development of this evaluation approach with the entire Applied Ca‐ talysis and Emissions Research group at ORNL, particularly Austin Ladshaw, Sreshtha Majumdar, and Josh Pihl.

Funders	Funder number
Ken Howden
Siddiq Khan
U.S. Department of Energy
Vehicle Technologies Office

Keywords

hydrocarbon traps
lean oxidation catalysts
low-temperature catalysis
merit function
passive NOx adsorbers

Access to Document

10.3390/catal12040419

Cite this

@article{50a13576975f4000833fb675deca52d6,

title = "Emissions Merit Function for Evaluating Multifunctional Catalyst Beds",

abstract = "With emission control regulations getting stricter, multi-functional catalyst systems are increasingly important for low-temperature operation. We investigate a wide range of multi-component catalyst systems, as physical mixtures and in multi-bed configurations, while varying the ratios of hydrocarbon traps (HCT), passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs), and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC). Using industrially guided protocols, we measured the ability of these complex catalyst systems to reduce emissions during a 40 °C/min temperature ramp to simulate cold-start conditions. Using a temperature boundary condition of 250 °C, the average conversion was calculated for each regulated pollutant: CO, NOx, and total hydrocarbons (THC). An emissions merit function was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of each system relative to the relevant emission standards and expected engine exhaust concentrations. This merit function identified that a 1:1:4 ratio of PNA:HCT:DOC was the most effective emissions reduction configuration and had similar reactivity as a physical mixture or as a PNA→HCT→DOC multi-bed reactor.",

keywords = "hydrocarbon traps, lean oxidation catalysts, low-temperature catalysis, merit function, passive NOx adsorbers",

author = "Toops, {Todd J.} and Pranaw Kunal",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2022",

month = apr,

doi = "10.3390/catal12040419",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "Catalysts",

issn = "2073-4344",

publisher = "MDPI",

number = "4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Emissions Merit Function for Evaluating Multifunctional Catalyst Beds

AU - Toops, Todd J.

AU - Kunal, Pranaw

PY - 2022/4

Y1 - 2022/4

N2 - With emission control regulations getting stricter, multi-functional catalyst systems are increasingly important for low-temperature operation. We investigate a wide range of multi-component catalyst systems, as physical mixtures and in multi-bed configurations, while varying the ratios of hydrocarbon traps (HCT), passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs), and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC). Using industrially guided protocols, we measured the ability of these complex catalyst systems to reduce emissions during a 40 °C/min temperature ramp to simulate cold-start conditions. Using a temperature boundary condition of 250 °C, the average conversion was calculated for each regulated pollutant: CO, NOx, and total hydrocarbons (THC). An emissions merit function was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of each system relative to the relevant emission standards and expected engine exhaust concentrations. This merit function identified that a 1:1:4 ratio of PNA:HCT:DOC was the most effective emissions reduction configuration and had similar reactivity as a physical mixture or as a PNA→HCT→DOC multi-bed reactor.

AB - With emission control regulations getting stricter, multi-functional catalyst systems are increasingly important for low-temperature operation. We investigate a wide range of multi-component catalyst systems, as physical mixtures and in multi-bed configurations, while varying the ratios of hydrocarbon traps (HCT), passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs), and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC). Using industrially guided protocols, we measured the ability of these complex catalyst systems to reduce emissions during a 40 °C/min temperature ramp to simulate cold-start conditions. Using a temperature boundary condition of 250 °C, the average conversion was calculated for each regulated pollutant: CO, NOx, and total hydrocarbons (THC). An emissions merit function was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of each system relative to the relevant emission standards and expected engine exhaust concentrations. This merit function identified that a 1:1:4 ratio of PNA:HCT:DOC was the most effective emissions reduction configuration and had similar reactivity as a physical mixture or as a PNA→HCT→DOC multi-bed reactor.

KW - hydrocarbon traps

KW - lean oxidation catalysts

KW - low-temperature catalysis

KW - merit function

KW - passive NOx adsorbers

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127686725&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/catal12040419

DO - 10.3390/catal12040419

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85127686725

SN - 2073-4344

VL - 12

JO - Catalysts

JF - Catalysts

IS - 4

M1 - 419

ER -

Emissions Merit Function for Evaluating Multifunctional Catalyst Beds

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this