Abstract
The rapid growth in aviation activities and more stringent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations have increased concerns regarding aircraft emissions, due to their harmful health and environmental impacts, especially in the vicinity of airports and military bases. In this study, the gaseous and particulate-matter emissions of two General Electric T701C engines and one T700 engine were evaluated. The T700 series engines power the U.S. Army's Black Hawk and Apache helicopters. The engines were fueled with standard military JP-8 fuel and were tested at three power settings. In addition, one of the T701C engines was operated on a natural-gas-derived Fischer- Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene jet fuel. Test results show that the T701C engine emits significantly lower particulate-matter emissions than the T700 for all conditions tested. Particulate-matter mass emission indices ranged from 0.2-1.4 g/kg fuel for the T700 and 0.2-0.6 g/kg fuel for the T701C. Slightly higher NOx and lower CO emissions were observed for the T701C compared with the T700. Operation of the T701C with the Fischer-Tropsch fuel rendered dramatic reductions in soot emissions relative to operation on JP-8, due primarily to the lack of aromatic compounds in the alternative fuel. The Fischer-Tropsch fuel also produced smaller particles and slight reductions in CO emissions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 317-324 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Journal of Propulsion and Power |
| Volume | 26 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2010 |
Funding
This work was funded by the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) office within the Weapon Systems and Platforms focus area under the Project WP-1401 led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The work of the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under the cooperative research agreement F33615-03-2-2347. Special thanks to Joe Lukas from the Aviation Branch Maintenance Division at Fort Stewart for his support and coordination of these tests and to Daniel Houck, Robert Henson, Jason Mikelonis, and Robert Shell for operating the test facility. The authors are also very grateful to Joe Mantz from UDRI and Tom Greene from Taitech, Inc., for their technical support during the tests and to Linda Shafer and Rhonda Cook of UDRI for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis.
