Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of Large-Scale Inverter-Based Resources With High-Granularity

Jongchan Choi; Yaosuo Xue; Hong Wang

doi:10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3615786

Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of Large-Scale Inverter-Based Resources With High-Granularity

Jongchan Choi, Yaosuo Xue, Hong Wang

Grid Systems Modeling and Controls

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The power grid is undergoing a significant transformation with the rapid increase in inverter-based resources (IBRs), including large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants. Ensuring reliable and resilient grid operation in this new paradigm necessitates high-granularity electromagnetic transient (EMT) modeling that accurately captures the behavior of individual inverters and their interactions within IBR plants. Central to this approach is the detailed representation of both the IBR plant’s collector system and the dynamics of individual inverters. To achieve this, a high-granularity EMT model of a large-scale PV plant has been developed using advanced simulation algorithms, including matrix splitting and the Schur complement. These proposed techniques significantly enhance simulation speed, numerical stability, and accuracy while improving the modularity and efficiency of the collector system’s representation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated through simulations of a representative large-scale PV plant consisting of 125 individual PV inverters, 25 IBR unit transformers, and a 52-bus collector system.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	664-677
Number of pages	14
Journal	IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy
Volume	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3615786
State	Published - 2025

Funding

This work was supported by UT-Battelle, LLC, with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The U.S. government retains and the publisher, by accepting the work for publication, acknowledges that U.S. government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the submitted manuscript version of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://energy.gov/doe-public-access-plan).

Keywords

Electromagnetic transients simulation
inverter-based resources
large-scale power electronics systems
numerical simulation algorithm
photovoltaic power plant
power system simulation
simulation algorithm

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10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3615786

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@article{a9a1e13920094a378c69363a74cb3389,

title = "Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of Large-Scale Inverter-Based Resources With High-Granularity",

abstract = "The power grid is undergoing a significant transformation with the rapid increase in inverter-based resources (IBRs), including large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants. Ensuring reliable and resilient grid operation in this new paradigm necessitates high-granularity electromagnetic transient (EMT) modeling that accurately captures the behavior of individual inverters and their interactions within IBR plants. Central to this approach is the detailed representation of both the IBR plant{\textquoteright}s collector system and the dynamics of individual inverters. To achieve this, a high-granularity EMT model of a large-scale PV plant has been developed using advanced simulation algorithms, including matrix splitting and the Schur complement. These proposed techniques significantly enhance simulation speed, numerical stability, and accuracy while improving the modularity and efficiency of the collector system{\textquoteright}s representation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated through simulations of a representative large-scale PV plant consisting of 125 individual PV inverters, 25 IBR unit transformers, and a 52-bus collector system.",

keywords = "Electromagnetic transients simulation, inverter-based resources, large-scale power electronics systems, numerical simulation algorithm, photovoltaic power plant, power system simulation, simulation algorithm",

author = "Jongchan Choi and Yaosuo Xue and Hong Wang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 IEEE.",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3615786",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

pages = "664--677",

journal = "IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy",

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T1 - Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of Large-Scale Inverter-Based Resources With High-Granularity

AU - Choi, Jongchan

AU - Xue, Yaosuo

AU - Wang, Hong

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - The power grid is undergoing a significant transformation with the rapid increase in inverter-based resources (IBRs), including large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants. Ensuring reliable and resilient grid operation in this new paradigm necessitates high-granularity electromagnetic transient (EMT) modeling that accurately captures the behavior of individual inverters and their interactions within IBR plants. Central to this approach is the detailed representation of both the IBR plant’s collector system and the dynamics of individual inverters. To achieve this, a high-granularity EMT model of a large-scale PV plant has been developed using advanced simulation algorithms, including matrix splitting and the Schur complement. These proposed techniques significantly enhance simulation speed, numerical stability, and accuracy while improving the modularity and efficiency of the collector system’s representation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated through simulations of a representative large-scale PV plant consisting of 125 individual PV inverters, 25 IBR unit transformers, and a 52-bus collector system.

AB - The power grid is undergoing a significant transformation with the rapid increase in inverter-based resources (IBRs), including large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants. Ensuring reliable and resilient grid operation in this new paradigm necessitates high-granularity electromagnetic transient (EMT) modeling that accurately captures the behavior of individual inverters and their interactions within IBR plants. Central to this approach is the detailed representation of both the IBR plant’s collector system and the dynamics of individual inverters. To achieve this, a high-granularity EMT model of a large-scale PV plant has been developed using advanced simulation algorithms, including matrix splitting and the Schur complement. These proposed techniques significantly enhance simulation speed, numerical stability, and accuracy while improving the modularity and efficiency of the collector system’s representation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated through simulations of a representative large-scale PV plant consisting of 125 individual PV inverters, 25 IBR unit transformers, and a 52-bus collector system.

KW - Electromagnetic transients simulation

KW - inverter-based resources

KW - large-scale power electronics systems

KW - numerical simulation algorithm

KW - photovoltaic power plant

KW - power system simulation

KW - simulation algorithm

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105018120352

U2 - 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3615786

DO - 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3615786

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105018120352

SN - 2687-7910

VL - 12

SP - 664

EP - 677

JO - IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy

JF - IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy

ER -

Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of Large-Scale Inverter-Based Resources With High-Granularity

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