Electrochemistry and safety of Li4Ti5O12 and graphite anodes paired with LiMn2O4 for hybrid electric vehicle Li-ion battery applications

Ilias Belharouak; Gary M. Koenig; K. Amine

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.079

Electrochemistry and safety of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ and graphite anodes paired with LiMn₂O₄ for hybrid electric vehicle Li-ion battery applications

Ilias Belharouak, Gary M. Koenig, K. Amine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

149 Scopus citations

Abstract

A promising anode material for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is Li ₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO). LTO intercalates lithium at a voltage of ∼1.5 V relative to lithium metal, and thus this material has a lower energy compared to a graphite anode for a given cathode material. However, LTO has promising safety and cycle life characteristics relative to graphite anodes. Herein, we describe electrochemical and safety characterizations of LTO and graphite anodes paired with LiMn₂O₄ cathodes in pouch cells. The LTO anode outperformed graphite with regards to capacity retention on extended cycling, pulsing impedance, and calendar life and was found to be more stable to thermal abuse from analysis of gases generated at elevated temperatures and calorimetric data. The safety, calendar life, and pulsing performance of LTO make it an attractive alternative to graphite for high power automotive applications, in particular when paired with LiMn₂O ₄ cathode materials.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	10344-10350
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Power Sources
Volume	196
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.079
State	Published - Dec 1 2011
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This research was funded by U.S. Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office . Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC0Z-06CH11357. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-AC02-06CH11357
Argonne National Laboratory	DE-AC0Z-06CH11357

Keywords

HEV
Lithium Titanate
Lithium battery
PHEV
Safety
Spinel

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.079

Cite this

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title = "Electrochemistry and safety of Li4Ti5O12 and graphite anodes paired with LiMn2O4 for hybrid electric vehicle Li-ion battery applications",

abstract = "A promising anode material for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is Li 4Ti5O12 (LTO). LTO intercalates lithium at a voltage of ∼1.5 V relative to lithium metal, and thus this material has a lower energy compared to a graphite anode for a given cathode material. However, LTO has promising safety and cycle life characteristics relative to graphite anodes. Herein, we describe electrochemical and safety characterizations of LTO and graphite anodes paired with LiMn2O4 cathodes in pouch cells. The LTO anode outperformed graphite with regards to capacity retention on extended cycling, pulsing impedance, and calendar life and was found to be more stable to thermal abuse from analysis of gases generated at elevated temperatures and calorimetric data. The safety, calendar life, and pulsing performance of LTO make it an attractive alternative to graphite for high power automotive applications, in particular when paired with LiMn2O 4 cathode materials.",

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