Effects of short-term over-discharge cycling on the performance of commercial 21,700 lithium-ion cells and the identification of degradation modes

Zhenpo Wang, Shiqi Xu, Xiaoqing Zhu, Hsin Wang, Lvwei Huang, Jing Yuan, Weiqiang Yang

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25 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this paper, short-term over-discharge cycling was performed on commercially available 21,700 lithium-ion cells to investigate its effects on cell performance; the degradation modes were also identified and analyzed in detail using both in-situ and ex-situ methods. Results show that observable capacity loss occurs when the cell is over-discharged to 112.5% depth of discharge. Moreover, the negative impact of the depth of discharge on cell performance (or cell aging) is more serious than the number of cycles, and continuous over-discharge cycling will accumulate such impact. The loss of Li inventory related to the decomposition and reformation of solid electrolyte interphase film is an important cause of the irreversible capacity loss/degradation of Li-ion cells during over-discharge cycling testing. The dissolution of copper current collector can greatly reduce the mechanical stability of the anode, and further, the deposition of Cu, the exfoliation and the cracking of active material particles can influence the transfer of ions and lead to the loss of Li inventory and the loss of active material within Li-ion cells. Additionally, when the depth of discharge exceeds 108.3%, deposition of Cu is observed on the ceramic-covered side of separators.

Original languageEnglish
Article number102257
JournalJournal of Energy Storage
Volume35
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2021

Funding

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52072040 , U1764258 ) and the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB0105700). X. Zhu wants to thank, in particular, the support from China Scholarship Council (No. 201806030115). H. Wang's effort was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Electricity (OE) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UL-Battelle LLC under contract DE-AC05–00OR22725.

FundersFunder number
U.S. Department of Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Office of Electricity
UT-BattelleDE-AC05–00OR22725
National Natural Science Foundation of China52072040, U1764258
China Scholarship Council201806030115
National Key Research and Development Program of China2018YFB0105700

    Keywords

    • Degradation modes
    • Failure mechanisms
    • Lithium-ion cells
    • Over-discharge cycling
    • Performance

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