Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 ​T FT-ICR mass spectrometry

Amy M. McKenna; Martha L. Chacón-Patiño; Holly K. Roth; William Bahureksa; Robert B. Young; James A. Ippolito; Yan Xin; Thomas Borch; Antony J. Williams; Huan Chen

doi:10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114

Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 T FT-ICR mass spectrometry

Amy M. McKenna, Martha L. Chacón-Patiño, Holly K. Roth, William Bahureksa, Robert B. Young, James A. Ippolito, Yan Xin, Thomas Borch, Antony J. Williams, Huan Chen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Biochar, formed through the pyrolysis or burning of organic wastes, has a complex chemical composition influenced by feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and reaction conditions. Water-soluble, dissolved black carbon species released from biochar comprise one of the most photoreactive organic matter fractions. Photodegradation of these water-soluble species from wheat straw biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures in laboratory microcosms, resulted in noticeable compositional differences. This study characterized water-soluble transformation products formed through the photodegradation of wheat straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500, or 600°C by electrospray ionization 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21T FT-ICR MS). We also evaluated global trends in the toxicity of these water-soluble fractions using MicroTox™ to assess the impacts of pyrolysis temperature. Additionally, we examined biochar surface morphology after photodegradation and observed minimal change after irradiation for 48 h, though the total yield of water-soluble biochar species varied with pyrolysis temperature. Trends in toxicity observed from MicroTox® analysis reveal that water-soluble photoproducts from biochar produced at 300°C and 900°C are nearly three times as toxic compared to dark controls. The ultrahigh resolving power of 21T FT-ICR MS allows for the separation of tens of thousands of highly oxidized, low-molecular-weight (<1 kDa) species, showing that photoproducts span a wider range of H/C and O/C ratios compared to their dark analogs. This study highlights the impacts of photodegradation on the molecular composition of water-soluble biochar species and underscores the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the quantity and composition of dissolved organic species.

Original language	English
Article number	100114
Journal	Soil and Environmental Health
Volume	2
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114
State	Published - Nov 2024
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Chemistry and Division of Materials Research through DMR-2128556 and the State of Florida. Additional support was provided to Amy M. McKenna through the Florida State University Collaborative Collision Accelerator. The authors also acknowledge support for TB from the NSF (2114868) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food Agriculture through AFRI grant no. 2021-67019034608, and support to JI through the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Multi-State Hatch project COL00292D, accession 1020695.

Funders	Funder number
State of Florida
U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Institute of Food and Agriculture	1020695, COL00292D
AFRI	2021-67019034608
National Science Foundation	DMR-2128556
Florida State University	2114868

Keywords

Aromaticity index
Black carbon
Highly oxidized OC
Molecular composition
Photoproducts
Photoreactive organic matter
Pyrolyzed carbon
Soil organic matter
Surface morphology
Toxicity assessment

Access to Document

10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114

Cite this

McKenna, A. M., Chacón-Patiño, M. L., Roth, H. K., Bahureksa, W., Young, R. B., Ippolito, J. A., Xin, Y., Borch, T., Williams, A. J., & Chen, H. (2024). Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 T FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Soil and Environmental Health, 2(4), Article 100114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114

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title = "Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 T FT-ICR mass spectrometry",

abstract = "Biochar, formed through the pyrolysis or burning of organic wastes, has a complex chemical composition influenced by feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and reaction conditions. Water-soluble, dissolved black carbon species released from biochar comprise one of the most photoreactive organic matter fractions. Photodegradation of these water-soluble species from wheat straw biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures in laboratory microcosms, resulted in noticeable compositional differences. This study characterized water-soluble transformation products formed through the photodegradation of wheat straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500, or 600°C by electrospray ionization 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21T FT-ICR MS). We also evaluated global trends in the toxicity of these water-soluble fractions using MicroTox{\texttrademark} to assess the impacts of pyrolysis temperature. Additionally, we examined biochar surface morphology after photodegradation and observed minimal change after irradiation for 48 h, though the total yield of water-soluble biochar species varied with pyrolysis temperature. Trends in toxicity observed from MicroTox{\textregistered} analysis reveal that water-soluble photoproducts from biochar produced at 300°C and 900°C are nearly three times as toxic compared to dark controls. The ultrahigh resolving power of 21T FT-ICR MS allows for the separation of tens of thousands of highly oxidized, low-molecular-weight (<1 kDa) species, showing that photoproducts span a wider range of H/C and O/C ratios compared to their dark analogs. This study highlights the impacts of photodegradation on the molecular composition of water-soluble biochar species and underscores the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the quantity and composition of dissolved organic species.",

keywords = "Aromaticity index, Black carbon, Highly oxidized OC, Molecular composition, Photoproducts, Photoreactive organic matter, Pyrolyzed carbon, Soil organic matter, Surface morphology, Toxicity assessment",

author = "McKenna, {Amy M.} and Chac{\'o}n-Pati{\~n}o, {Martha L.} and Roth, {Holly K.} and William Bahureksa and Young, {Robert B.} and Ippolito, {James A.} and Yan Xin and Thomas Borch and Williams, {Antony J.} and Huan Chen",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Author(s)",

year = "2024",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114",

language = "English",

volume = "2",

journal = "Soil and Environmental Health",

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McKenna, AM, Chacón-Patiño, ML, Roth, HK, Bahureksa, W, Young, RB, Ippolito, JA, Xin, Y, Borch, T, Williams, AJ & Chen, H 2024, 'Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 T FT-ICR mass spectrometry', Soil and Environmental Health, vol. 2, no. 4, 100114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 T FT-ICR mass spectrometry

AU - McKenna, Amy M.

AU - Chacón-Patiño, Martha L.

AU - Roth, Holly K.

AU - Bahureksa, William

AU - Young, Robert B.

AU - Ippolito, James A.

AU - Xin, Yan

AU - Borch, Thomas

AU - Williams, Antony J.

AU - Chen, Huan

PY - 2024/11

Y1 - 2024/11

N2 - Biochar, formed through the pyrolysis or burning of organic wastes, has a complex chemical composition influenced by feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and reaction conditions. Water-soluble, dissolved black carbon species released from biochar comprise one of the most photoreactive organic matter fractions. Photodegradation of these water-soluble species from wheat straw biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures in laboratory microcosms, resulted in noticeable compositional differences. This study characterized water-soluble transformation products formed through the photodegradation of wheat straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500, or 600°C by electrospray ionization 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21T FT-ICR MS). We also evaluated global trends in the toxicity of these water-soluble fractions using MicroTox™ to assess the impacts of pyrolysis temperature. Additionally, we examined biochar surface morphology after photodegradation and observed minimal change after irradiation for 48 h, though the total yield of water-soluble biochar species varied with pyrolysis temperature. Trends in toxicity observed from MicroTox® analysis reveal that water-soluble photoproducts from biochar produced at 300°C and 900°C are nearly three times as toxic compared to dark controls. The ultrahigh resolving power of 21T FT-ICR MS allows for the separation of tens of thousands of highly oxidized, low-molecular-weight (<1 kDa) species, showing that photoproducts span a wider range of H/C and O/C ratios compared to their dark analogs. This study highlights the impacts of photodegradation on the molecular composition of water-soluble biochar species and underscores the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the quantity and composition of dissolved organic species.

AB - Biochar, formed through the pyrolysis or burning of organic wastes, has a complex chemical composition influenced by feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and reaction conditions. Water-soluble, dissolved black carbon species released from biochar comprise one of the most photoreactive organic matter fractions. Photodegradation of these water-soluble species from wheat straw biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures in laboratory microcosms, resulted in noticeable compositional differences. This study characterized water-soluble transformation products formed through the photodegradation of wheat straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500, or 600°C by electrospray ionization 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21T FT-ICR MS). We also evaluated global trends in the toxicity of these water-soluble fractions using MicroTox™ to assess the impacts of pyrolysis temperature. Additionally, we examined biochar surface morphology after photodegradation and observed minimal change after irradiation for 48 h, though the total yield of water-soluble biochar species varied with pyrolysis temperature. Trends in toxicity observed from MicroTox® analysis reveal that water-soluble photoproducts from biochar produced at 300°C and 900°C are nearly three times as toxic compared to dark controls. The ultrahigh resolving power of 21T FT-ICR MS allows for the separation of tens of thousands of highly oxidized, low-molecular-weight (<1 kDa) species, showing that photoproducts span a wider range of H/C and O/C ratios compared to their dark analogs. This study highlights the impacts of photodegradation on the molecular composition of water-soluble biochar species and underscores the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the quantity and composition of dissolved organic species.

KW - Aromaticity index

KW - Black carbon

KW - Highly oxidized OC

KW - Molecular composition

KW - Photoproducts

KW - Photoreactive organic matter

KW - Pyrolyzed carbon

KW - Soil organic matter

KW - Surface morphology

KW - Toxicity assessment

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U2 - 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114

DO - 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85209215285

SN - 2949-9194

VL - 2

JO - Soil and Environmental Health

JF - Soil and Environmental Health

IS - 4

M1 - 100114

ER -

Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 T FT-ICR mass spectrometry

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

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Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 ​T FT-ICR mass spectrometry

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this

Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 T FT-ICR mass spectrometry