Effect of Nitride Addition on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Resistance of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel

Venkata Bhuvaneswari Vukkum; Ahmed A. Darwish; Amit Choudhari; Zhenyun Yang; Steven M. Storck; Tushar Borkar; Rajeev K. Gupta

doi:10.1007/s11665-025-11102-y

Effect of Nitride Addition on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Resistance of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel

Venkata Bhuvaneswari Vukkum
, Ahmed A. Darwish
, Amit Choudhari
, Zhenyun Yang
, Steven M. Storck
, Tushar Borkar
, Rajeev K. Gupta

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Modified feedstock containing 316L stainless steel powder along with 1 wt.% of different nitrides, namely aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN), titanium nitride (TiN), iron nitride (Fe_xN) and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) were laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) printed. The influence of these nitrides on the surface roughness, microhardness, and wear resistance of LPBF-316L has been investigated. The BN addition has significantly improved the microhardness and wear resistance of LPBF-316L, whereas the surface roughness has declined. The improved properties in LPBF-316L with BN addition were correlated with the altered microstructure.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	15991-16007
Number of pages	17
Journal	Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
Volume	34
Issue number	15
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-025-11102-y
State	Published - Aug 2025
Externally published	Yes

Funding

RKG acknowledges the Office of Naval Research for funding this research under the contracts ONR: N00014-21-1-2489 with Dr. David Shifler as the program officer. The authors want to acknowledge the Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF) at North Carolina State University, supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation (award number ECCS-2025064). The AIF is a member of the North Carolina Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network (RTNN), a site in the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI).

Keywords

additive manufacturing
feedstock modification
laser powder bed fusion
microstructure
stainless steel
wear

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10.1007/s11665-025-11102-y

Cite this

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title = "Effect of Nitride Addition on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Resistance of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel",

abstract = "Modified feedstock containing 316L stainless steel powder along with 1 wt.\% of different nitrides, namely aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN), titanium nitride (TiN), iron nitride (FexN) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) were laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) printed. The influence of these nitrides on the surface roughness, microhardness, and wear resistance of LPBF-316L has been investigated. The BN addition has significantly improved the microhardness and wear resistance of LPBF-316L, whereas the surface roughness has declined. The improved properties in LPBF-316L with BN addition were correlated with the altered microstructure.",

keywords = "additive manufacturing, feedstock modification, laser powder bed fusion, microstructure, stainless steel, wear",

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AU - Vukkum, Venkata Bhuvaneswari

AU - Darwish, Ahmed A.

AU - Choudhari, Amit

AU - Yang, Zhenyun

AU - Storck, Steven M.

AU - Borkar, Tushar

AU - Gupta, Rajeev K.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.

PY - 2025/8

Y1 - 2025/8

N2 - Modified feedstock containing 316L stainless steel powder along with 1 wt.% of different nitrides, namely aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN), titanium nitride (TiN), iron nitride (FexN) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) were laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) printed. The influence of these nitrides on the surface roughness, microhardness, and wear resistance of LPBF-316L has been investigated. The BN addition has significantly improved the microhardness and wear resistance of LPBF-316L, whereas the surface roughness has declined. The improved properties in LPBF-316L with BN addition were correlated with the altered microstructure.

AB - Modified feedstock containing 316L stainless steel powder along with 1 wt.% of different nitrides, namely aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN), titanium nitride (TiN), iron nitride (FexN) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) were laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) printed. The influence of these nitrides on the surface roughness, microhardness, and wear resistance of LPBF-316L has been investigated. The BN addition has significantly improved the microhardness and wear resistance of LPBF-316L, whereas the surface roughness has declined. The improved properties in LPBF-316L with BN addition were correlated with the altered microstructure.

KW - additive manufacturing

KW - feedstock modification

KW - laser powder bed fusion

KW - microstructure

KW - stainless steel

KW - wear

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105003755045

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DO - 10.1007/s11665-025-11102-y

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105003755045

SN - 1059-9495

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JF - Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

IS - 15

ER -

Effect of Nitride Addition on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Resistance of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel

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