Effect of Mn on eutectic phase equilibria in Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni alloys

Alice E. Perrin; Richard A. Michi; Donovan N. Leonard; Kevin D. Sisco; Alex J. Plotkowski; Amit Shyam; Jonathan D. Poplawsky; Lawrence F. Allard; Ying Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171455

Effect of Mn on eutectic phase equilibria in Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni alloys

Alice E. Perrin, Richard A. Michi, Donovan N. Leonard, Kevin D. Sisco, Alex J. Plotkowski, Amit Shyam, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Lawrence F. Allard, Ying Yang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Microstructural analysis of additively manufactured (AM) Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloys has identified phases not predicted from existing ternary liquidus projections in the Al-Ce-Ni system. Because the rapid cooling rate of AM is orders of magnitude above that of traditional casting, it is unclear if these additional phases arose from the non-equilibrium processing conditions of AM, a drastic shift in phase stability in the system due to the addition of 1 wt% Mn, or some combination of these two influences. The phases and microstructure of cast samples of Al-Ce-Ni and Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloys were characterized for several annealing conditions which revealed the equilibrium phases at different temperatures. Phase analysis confirmed that minute levels of Mn substituted for Ni in the system drastically shifts the liquidus projection in the Al-rich corner of the ternary phase diagram such that the eutectic Al₃Ni phase is suppressed in favor of the Al₂₃Ni₆(Ce,Mn)₄ phase. Further addition of Mn promotes the formation of Al₂₀Mn₂Ce and Al₁₀Mn₂Ce phases. The phase analysis data was then used to improve the CALPHAD modeling of the liquidus projection and isothermal sections for the Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni-Mn quaternary system. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental analysis on phases in the AM sample of Al-Ce-Ni with Mn confirmed that the phases present are consistent with Mn-containing Al-Ce-Ni cast samples. This investigation demonstrates the potential for using secondary alloying elements to drastically alter phase stability and microstructure in alloy systems.

Original language	English
Article number	171455
Journal	Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume	965
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171455
State	Published - Nov 25 2023

Funding

Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05–00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ) Research was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office and Vehicle Technologies Office, Propulsion Materials Program. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05–00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. APT research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors would like to thank James Burns for assistance in performing APT sample preparation and running the APT experiments.

Funders	Funder number
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
U.S. Department of Energy
Advanced Manufacturing Office	DE-AC05–00OR22725
Office of Science
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Keywords

Additive manufacturing
Metals and alloys
Phase diagrams
Phase stability
Thermodynamic modelling

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171455

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title = "Effect of Mn on eutectic phase equilibria in Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni alloys",

abstract = "Microstructural analysis of additively manufactured (AM) Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloys has identified phases not predicted from existing ternary liquidus projections in the Al-Ce-Ni system. Because the rapid cooling rate of AM is orders of magnitude above that of traditional casting, it is unclear if these additional phases arose from the non-equilibrium processing conditions of AM, a drastic shift in phase stability in the system due to the addition of 1 wt% Mn, or some combination of these two influences. The phases and microstructure of cast samples of Al-Ce-Ni and Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloys were characterized for several annealing conditions which revealed the equilibrium phases at different temperatures. Phase analysis confirmed that minute levels of Mn substituted for Ni in the system drastically shifts the liquidus projection in the Al-rich corner of the ternary phase diagram such that the eutectic Al3Ni phase is suppressed in favor of the Al23Ni6(Ce,Mn)4 phase. Further addition of Mn promotes the formation of Al20Mn2Ce and Al10Mn2Ce phases. The phase analysis data was then used to improve the CALPHAD modeling of the liquidus projection and isothermal sections for the Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni-Mn quaternary system. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental analysis on phases in the AM sample of Al-Ce-Ni with Mn confirmed that the phases present are consistent with Mn-containing Al-Ce-Ni cast samples. This investigation demonstrates the potential for using secondary alloying elements to drastically alter phase stability and microstructure in alloy systems.",

keywords = "Additive manufacturing, Metals and alloys, Phase diagrams, Phase stability, Thermodynamic modelling",

author = "Perrin, {Alice E.} and Michi, {Richard A.} and Leonard, {Donovan N.} and Sisco, {Kevin D.} and Plotkowski, {Alex J.} and Amit Shyam and Poplawsky, {Jonathan D.} and Allard, {Lawrence F.} and Ying Yang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

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doi = "10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171455",

language = "English",

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T1 - Effect of Mn on eutectic phase equilibria in Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni alloys

AU - Perrin, Alice E.

AU - Michi, Richard A.

AU - Leonard, Donovan N.

AU - Sisco, Kevin D.

AU - Plotkowski, Alex J.

AU - Shyam, Amit

AU - Poplawsky, Jonathan D.

AU - Allard, Lawrence F.

AU - Yang, Ying

PY - 2023/11/25

Y1 - 2023/11/25

N2 - Microstructural analysis of additively manufactured (AM) Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloys has identified phases not predicted from existing ternary liquidus projections in the Al-Ce-Ni system. Because the rapid cooling rate of AM is orders of magnitude above that of traditional casting, it is unclear if these additional phases arose from the non-equilibrium processing conditions of AM, a drastic shift in phase stability in the system due to the addition of 1 wt% Mn, or some combination of these two influences. The phases and microstructure of cast samples of Al-Ce-Ni and Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloys were characterized for several annealing conditions which revealed the equilibrium phases at different temperatures. Phase analysis confirmed that minute levels of Mn substituted for Ni in the system drastically shifts the liquidus projection in the Al-rich corner of the ternary phase diagram such that the eutectic Al3Ni phase is suppressed in favor of the Al23Ni6(Ce,Mn)4 phase. Further addition of Mn promotes the formation of Al20Mn2Ce and Al10Mn2Ce phases. The phase analysis data was then used to improve the CALPHAD modeling of the liquidus projection and isothermal sections for the Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni-Mn quaternary system. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental analysis on phases in the AM sample of Al-Ce-Ni with Mn confirmed that the phases present are consistent with Mn-containing Al-Ce-Ni cast samples. This investigation demonstrates the potential for using secondary alloying elements to drastically alter phase stability and microstructure in alloy systems.

AB - Microstructural analysis of additively manufactured (AM) Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloys has identified phases not predicted from existing ternary liquidus projections in the Al-Ce-Ni system. Because the rapid cooling rate of AM is orders of magnitude above that of traditional casting, it is unclear if these additional phases arose from the non-equilibrium processing conditions of AM, a drastic shift in phase stability in the system due to the addition of 1 wt% Mn, or some combination of these two influences. The phases and microstructure of cast samples of Al-Ce-Ni and Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloys were characterized for several annealing conditions which revealed the equilibrium phases at different temperatures. Phase analysis confirmed that minute levels of Mn substituted for Ni in the system drastically shifts the liquidus projection in the Al-rich corner of the ternary phase diagram such that the eutectic Al3Ni phase is suppressed in favor of the Al23Ni6(Ce,Mn)4 phase. Further addition of Mn promotes the formation of Al20Mn2Ce and Al10Mn2Ce phases. The phase analysis data was then used to improve the CALPHAD modeling of the liquidus projection and isothermal sections for the Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni-Mn quaternary system. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental analysis on phases in the AM sample of Al-Ce-Ni with Mn confirmed that the phases present are consistent with Mn-containing Al-Ce-Ni cast samples. This investigation demonstrates the potential for using secondary alloying elements to drastically alter phase stability and microstructure in alloy systems.

KW - Additive manufacturing

KW - Metals and alloys

KW - Phase diagrams

KW - Phase stability

KW - Thermodynamic modelling

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DO - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171455

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SN - 0925-8388

VL - 965

JO - Journal of Alloys and Compounds

JF - Journal of Alloys and Compounds

M1 - 171455

ER -

Effect of Mn on eutectic phase equilibria in Al-rich Al-Ce-Ni alloys

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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