Effect of homogenization heat treatment on the evolution of carbonitrides in powder bed fusion processed INCONEL 718

S. Nayir; B. Max; A. D. Iams; S. Perusin; J. S. Zuback; L. A. Giannuzzi; F. Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115271

Effect of homogenization heat treatment on the evolution of carbonitrides in powder bed fusion processed INCONEL 718

S. Nayir
, B. Max
, A. D. Iams
, S. Perusin
, J. S. Zuback
, L. A. Giannuzzi
, F. Zhang

Materials for Advanced Manufacturing

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Inconel 718 fabricated using laser powder-bed fusion, contains precipitates in the as-built condition that can be coarsened by high-temperature heat treatments. In this study, two homogenization heat treatment regimens were applied to discern the impact of heat treatment conditions on the growth of complex M(C, N) carbonitrides. In the first heat treatment, the samples underwent heat treatment between 1050 °C and 1200 °C for 0.5 h. In the second heat treatment, the samples were held at a constant temperature of 1150 °C, with varied holding times from 0.5 h to 8 h. Heat treatments dissolved the unstable Laves phase, but the carbonitrides persisted in the structure regardless of temperature and duration. Changes in the compositions, lattice parameters, and sizes of M(C, N) carbonitrides were measured using transmission electron microscopy and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The results show an Nb enrichment at carbonitrides while Nb loss at the matrix with increased homogenization temperature. The findings suggest the optimum heat treatment conditions to achieve a homogeneous structure and controlled carbonitride size are between 1000 and 1050 °C for up to 2 h.

Original language	English
Article number	115271
Journal	Materials Characterization
Volume	227
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115271
State	Published - Sep 2025

Funding

The study was conducted in collaboration with The Pennsylvania State University (USA) and IRT Saint Exupéry, Institut de Recherche Technologique (France), and was supported under the AnDDurO project. The project is funded by the French government through the Programme d'Investissements d'Avenir (Grant Agreement No. ANR-10-AIRT-01), administered by the Occitanie Region. The author extends her gratitude for this support. The characterizations of this study were performed at The Pennsylvania State University, Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, and Materials Research Institute (MRI) Materials Characterization Laboratory (MCL) laboratories. The author individually thanks the MRI staff for their support and valuable contributions to this project. The author thanks Dr. Todd Palmer for facilitation of fund, overseeing the early stage of the project, and providing valuable contributions. The author additionally thanks Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for their support during the revision process of this manuscript, and specifically acknowledges Bryan Lim, and Rangasayee Kannan and Joseph Aroh for their valuable comments and discussions. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( https://www.energy.gov/doe-public-access-plan ).

Keywords

Carbides
Carbonitride
Homogenization
IN178
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)

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10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115271

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title = "Effect of homogenization heat treatment on the evolution of carbonitrides in powder bed fusion processed INCONEL 718",

abstract = "Inconel 718 fabricated using laser powder-bed fusion, contains precipitates in the as-built condition that can be coarsened by high-temperature heat treatments. In this study, two homogenization heat treatment regimens were applied to discern the impact of heat treatment conditions on the growth of complex M(C, N) carbonitrides. In the first heat treatment, the samples underwent heat treatment between 1050 °C and 1200 °C for 0.5 h. In the second heat treatment, the samples were held at a constant temperature of 1150 °C, with varied holding times from 0.5 h to 8 h. Heat treatments dissolved the unstable Laves phase, but the carbonitrides persisted in the structure regardless of temperature and duration. Changes in the compositions, lattice parameters, and sizes of M(C, N) carbonitrides were measured using transmission electron microscopy and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The results show an Nb enrichment at carbonitrides while Nb loss at the matrix with increased homogenization temperature. The findings suggest the optimum heat treatment conditions to achieve a homogeneous structure and controlled carbonitride size are between 1000 and 1050 °C for up to 2 h.",

keywords = "Carbides, Carbonitride, Homogenization, IN178, Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)",

author = "S. Nayir and B. Max and Iams, \{A. D.\} and S. Perusin and Zuback, \{J. S.\} and Giannuzzi, \{L. A.\} and F. Zhang",

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year = "2025",

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doi = "10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115271",

language = "English",

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T1 - Effect of homogenization heat treatment on the evolution of carbonitrides in powder bed fusion processed INCONEL 718

AU - Nayir, S.

AU - Max, B.

AU - Iams, A. D.

AU - Perusin, S.

AU - Zuback, J. S.

AU - Giannuzzi, L. A.

AU - Zhang, F.

PY - 2025/9

Y1 - 2025/9

N2 - Inconel 718 fabricated using laser powder-bed fusion, contains precipitates in the as-built condition that can be coarsened by high-temperature heat treatments. In this study, two homogenization heat treatment regimens were applied to discern the impact of heat treatment conditions on the growth of complex M(C, N) carbonitrides. In the first heat treatment, the samples underwent heat treatment between 1050 °C and 1200 °C for 0.5 h. In the second heat treatment, the samples were held at a constant temperature of 1150 °C, with varied holding times from 0.5 h to 8 h. Heat treatments dissolved the unstable Laves phase, but the carbonitrides persisted in the structure regardless of temperature and duration. Changes in the compositions, lattice parameters, and sizes of M(C, N) carbonitrides were measured using transmission electron microscopy and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The results show an Nb enrichment at carbonitrides while Nb loss at the matrix with increased homogenization temperature. The findings suggest the optimum heat treatment conditions to achieve a homogeneous structure and controlled carbonitride size are between 1000 and 1050 °C for up to 2 h.

AB - Inconel 718 fabricated using laser powder-bed fusion, contains precipitates in the as-built condition that can be coarsened by high-temperature heat treatments. In this study, two homogenization heat treatment regimens were applied to discern the impact of heat treatment conditions on the growth of complex M(C, N) carbonitrides. In the first heat treatment, the samples underwent heat treatment between 1050 °C and 1200 °C for 0.5 h. In the second heat treatment, the samples were held at a constant temperature of 1150 °C, with varied holding times from 0.5 h to 8 h. Heat treatments dissolved the unstable Laves phase, but the carbonitrides persisted in the structure regardless of temperature and duration. Changes in the compositions, lattice parameters, and sizes of M(C, N) carbonitrides were measured using transmission electron microscopy and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The results show an Nb enrichment at carbonitrides while Nb loss at the matrix with increased homogenization temperature. The findings suggest the optimum heat treatment conditions to achieve a homogeneous structure and controlled carbonitride size are between 1000 and 1050 °C for up to 2 h.

KW - Carbides

KW - Carbonitride

KW - Homogenization

KW - IN178

KW - Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)

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DO - 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115271

M3 - Article

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JO - Materials Characterization

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ER -

Effect of homogenization heat treatment on the evolution of carbonitrides in powder bed fusion processed INCONEL 718

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