Ecosystem model parameterization and adaptation for sustainable cellulosic biofuel landscape design

John L. Field, Ernie Marx, Mark Easter, Paul R. Adler, Keith Paustian

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

24 Scopus citations

Abstract

Renewable fuel standards in the US and elsewhere mandate the production of large quantities of cellulosic biofuels with low greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints, a requirement which will likely entail extensive cultivation of dedicated bioenergy feedstock crops on marginal agricultural lands. Performance data for such systems is sparse, and non-linear interactions between the feedstock species, agronomic management intensity, and underlying soil and land characteristics complicate the development of sustainable landscape design strategies for low-impact commercial-scale feedstock production. Process-based ecosystem models are valuable for extrapolating field trial results and making predictions of productivity and associated environmental impacts that integrate the effects of spatially variable environmental factors across diverse production landscapes. However, there are few examples of ecosystem model parameterization against field trials on both prime and marginal lands or of conducting landscape-scale analyses at sufficient resolution to capture interactions between soil type, land use, and management intensity. In this work we used a data-diverse, multi-criteria approach to parameterize and validate the DayCent biogeochemistry model for upland and lowland switchgrass using data on yields, soil carbon changes, and soil nitrous oxide emissions from US field trials spanning a range of climates, soil types, and management conditions. We then conducted a high-resolution case study analysis of a real-world cellulosic biofuel landscape in Kansas in order to estimate feedstock production potential and associated direct biogenic GHG emissions footprint. Our results suggest that switchgrass yields and emissions balance can vary greatly across a landscape large enough to supply a biorefinery in response to variations in soil type and land-use history, but that within a given land base both of these performance factors can be widely modulated by changing management intensity. This in turn implies a large sustainable cellulosic biofuel landscape design space within which a system can be optimized to meet economic or environmental objectives.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1106-1123
Number of pages18
JournalGCB Bioenergy
Volume8
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 1 2016
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 The Authors. Global Change Biology Bioenergy Published byJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

  • biogeochemistry
  • carbon sequestration
  • cellulosic biofuel
  • ecosystem model parameterization
  • ecosystem modeling
  • feedstock
  • greenhouse gas emissions
  • landscape design
  • marginal land
  • nitrous oxide

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