Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination

J. C. Becker; T. Khain; S. J. Hamilton; F. C. Adams; D. W. Gerdes; L. Zullo; K. Franson; S. Millholland; G. M. Bernstein; M. Sako; P. Bernardinelli; K. Napier; L. Markwardt; Hsing Wen Lin; W. Wester; F. B. Abdalla; S. Allam; J. Annis; S. Avila; E. Bertin; D. Brooks; A. Carnero Rosell; M. Carrasco Kind; J. Carretero; C. E. Cunha; C. B. D'Andrea; L. N.Da Costa; C. Davis; J. De Vicente; H. T. Diehl; P. Doel; T. F. Eifler; B. Flaugher; P. Fosalba; J. Frieman; J. García-Bellido; E. Gaztanaga; D. Gruen; R. A. Gruendl; J. Gschwend; G. Gutierrez; W. G. Hartley; D. L. Hollowood; K. Honscheid; D. J. James; K. Kuehn; N. Kuropatkin; M. A.G. Maia; M. March; J. L. Marshall; F. Menanteau; R. Miquel; R. L.C. Ogando; A. A. Plazas; E. Sanchez; V. Scarpine; R. Schindler; I. Sevilla-Noarbe; M. Smith; R. C. Smith; M. Soares-Santos; F. Sobreira; E. Suchyta; M. E.C. Swanson; A. R. Walker

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aad042

Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination

J. C. Becker, T. Khain, S. J. Hamilton, F. C. Adams, D. W. Gerdes, L. Zullo, K. Franson, S. Millholland, G. M. Bernstein, M. Sako, P. Bernardinelli, K. Napier, L. Markwardt, Hsing Wen Lin, W. Wester, F. B. Abdalla, S. Allam, J. Annis, S. Avila, E. BertinD. Brooks, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, C. E. Cunha, C. B. D'Andrea, L. N.Da Costa, C. Davis, J. De Vicente, H. T. Diehl, P. Doel, T. F. Eifler, B. Flaugher, P. Fosalba, J. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, E. Gaztanaga, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, J. Gschwend, G. Gutierrez, W. G. Hartley, D. L. Hollowood, K. Honscheid, D. J. James, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, M. A.G. Maia, M. March, J. L. Marshall, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, R. L.C. Ogando, A. A. Plazas, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, R. Schindler, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, R. C. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, F. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, M. E.C. Swanson, A. R. Walker

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Abstract

We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP₅₁₉, an extreme trans-Neptunian object (TNO) detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 au, perihelion of ∼36 au, and absolute magnitude H _r = 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110 day observational arc, has a semimajor axis a ≈ 450 au, eccentricity e ≈ 0.92, and inclination i ≈ 547deg;. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP₅₁₉ is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, , which is a conserved quantity at fixed semimajor axis a for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object and find that, under the influence of the four known giant planets, 2015 BP₅₁₉ displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semimajor axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long-term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine hypothesis and find that 2015 BP₅₁₉ adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the solar system, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, π-shepherded TNOs.

Original language	English
Article number	81
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	156
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aad042
State	Published - Aug 2018

Funding

This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. NNX17AF21G issued through the SSO Planetary Astronomy Program and by NSF grant AST-1515015. We would like to thank Andrew Vanderburg, Ellen Price, Linn Eriksson, Melaine Saillenfest, and Mike Brown for many useful conversations. We would like to thank Michele Bannister for useful discussions and methods advice. We would like to thank Konstantin Batygin for his careful review of the manuscript and suggestions that greatly improved this work. We thank Marty Kandes and Mats Rynge for help running simulations on Open Science Grid’s high-throughput computing resources (operated through XSEDE). JCB, SJH, and LM are supported by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Grant No. DGE 1256260. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. This research was done using resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science through allocations TG-AST150033 and TG-AST170008. This research has made use of data and services provided by the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. This manuscript has been authored by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/ 2007-2013), including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) through project number CE110001020 and the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2).

Funders	Funder number
Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia
Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey
Fermi Research Alliance, LLC	DE-AC02-07CH11359
INCT
Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University
National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
National Science Foundation	DGE 1256260, AST-1138766, AST-1515015, AST-1536171, ACI-1053575
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	NNX17AF21G
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Office of Science	TG-AST150033, TG-AST170008
Office of Science
High Energy Physics
Ohio State University
University of Chicago
Seventh Framework Programme	1515015, FP7/ 2007-2013, 1138766, 240672, 306478, 1053575, 291329, 1256260
Seventh Framework Programme
Higher Education Funding Council for England
Engineering Research Centers
European Commission
European Research Council
Australian Research Council	CE110001020
Australian Research Council
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Generalitat de Catalunya
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad	SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, ESP2015-66861, MDM-2015-0509, FPA2015-68048, AYA2015-71825
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico	465376/2014-2
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
European Regional Development Fund

Keywords

Kuiper Belt objects: individual (2015 BP519)
planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability

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10.3847/1538-3881/aad042

Cite this

Becker, J. C., Khain, T., Hamilton, S. J., Adams, F. C., Gerdes, D. W., Zullo, L., Franson, K., Millholland, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sako, M., Bernardinelli, P., Napier, K., Markwardt, L., Lin, H. W., Wester, W., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., ... Walker, A. R. (2018). Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination. Astronomical Journal, 156(2), Article 81. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aad042

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title = "Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination",

abstract = "We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP519, an extreme trans-Neptunian object (TNO) detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 au, perihelion of ∼36 au, and absolute magnitude H r = 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110 day observational arc, has a semimajor axis a ≈ 450 au, eccentricity e ≈ 0.92, and inclination i ≈ 547deg;. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP519 is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, , which is a conserved quantity at fixed semimajor axis a for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object and find that, under the influence of the four known giant planets, 2015 BP519 displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semimajor axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long-term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine hypothesis and find that 2015 BP519 adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the solar system, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, π-shepherded TNOs.",

keywords = "Kuiper Belt objects: individual (2015 BP519), planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability",

author = "Becker, {J. C.} and T. Khain and Hamilton, {S. J.} and Adams, {F. C.} and Gerdes, {D. W.} and L. Zullo and K. Franson and S. Millholland and Bernstein, {G. M.} and M. Sako and P. Bernardinelli and K. Napier and L. Markwardt and Lin, {Hsing Wen} and W. Wester and Abdalla, {F. B.} and S. Allam and J. Annis and S. Avila and E. Bertin and D. Brooks and Rosell, {A. Carnero} and Kind, {M. Carrasco} and J. Carretero and Cunha, {C. E.} and D'Andrea, {C. B.} and Costa, {L. N.Da} and C. Davis and Vicente, {J. De} and Diehl, {H. T.} and P. Doel and Eifler, {T. F.} and B. Flaugher and P. Fosalba and J. Frieman and J. Garc{\'i}a-Bellido and E. Gaztanaga and D. Gruen and Gruendl, {R. A.} and J. Gschwend and G. Gutierrez and Hartley, {W. G.} and Hollowood, {D. L.} and K. Honscheid and James, {D. J.} and K. Kuehn and N. Kuropatkin and Maia, {M. A.G.} and M. March and Marshall, {J. L.} and F. Menanteau and R. Miquel and Ogando, {R. L.C.} and Plazas, {A. A.} and E. Sanchez and V. Scarpine and R. Schindler and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and M. Smith and Smith, {R. C.} and M. Soares-Santos and F. Sobreira and E. Suchyta and Swanson, {M. E.C.} and Walker, {A. R.}",

year = "2018",

month = aug,

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/aad042",

language = "English",

volume = "156",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

number = "2",

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Becker, JC, Khain, T, Hamilton, SJ, Adams, FC, Gerdes, DW, Zullo, L, Franson, K, Millholland, S, Bernstein, GM, Sako, M, Bernardinelli, P, Napier, K, Markwardt, L, Lin, HW, Wester, W, Abdalla, FB, Allam, S, Annis, J, Avila, S, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Rosell, AC, Kind, MC, Carretero, J, Cunha, CE, D'Andrea, CB, Costa, LND, Davis, C, Vicente, JD, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Maia, MAG, March, M, Marshall, JL, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Ogando, RLC, Plazas, AA, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schindler, R, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, M, Smith, RC, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC & Walker, AR 2018, 'Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination', Astronomical Journal, vol. 156, no. 2, 81. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aad042

TY - JOUR

T1 - Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination

AU - Becker, J. C.

AU - Khain, T.

AU - Hamilton, S. J.

AU - Adams, F. C.

AU - Gerdes, D. W.

AU - Zullo, L.

AU - Franson, K.

AU - Millholland, S.

AU - Bernstein, G. M.

AU - Sako, M.

AU - Bernardinelli, P.

AU - Napier, K.

AU - Markwardt, L.

AU - Lin, Hsing Wen

AU - Wester, W.

AU - Abdalla, F. B.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Annis, J.

AU - Avila, S.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Rosell, A. Carnero

AU - Kind, M. Carrasco

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Cunha, C. E.

AU - D'Andrea, C. B.

AU - Costa, L. N.Da

AU - Davis, C.

AU - Vicente, J. De

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Eifler, T. F.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Fosalba, P.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - García-Bellido, J.

AU - Gaztanaga, E.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Gschwend, J.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Hartley, W. G.

AU - Hollowood, D. L.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Kuropatkin, N.

AU - Maia, M. A.G.

AU - March, M.

AU - Marshall, J. L.

AU - Menanteau, F.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Ogando, R. L.C.

AU - Plazas, A. A.

AU - Sanchez, E.

AU - Scarpine, V.

AU - Schindler, R.

AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.

AU - Smith, M.

AU - Smith, R. C.

AU - Soares-Santos, M.

AU - Sobreira, F.

AU - Suchyta, E.

AU - Swanson, M. E.C.

AU - Walker, A. R.

PY - 2018/8

Y1 - 2018/8

N2 - We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP519, an extreme trans-Neptunian object (TNO) detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 au, perihelion of ∼36 au, and absolute magnitude H r = 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110 day observational arc, has a semimajor axis a ≈ 450 au, eccentricity e ≈ 0.92, and inclination i ≈ 547deg;. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP519 is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, , which is a conserved quantity at fixed semimajor axis a for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object and find that, under the influence of the four known giant planets, 2015 BP519 displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semimajor axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long-term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine hypothesis and find that 2015 BP519 adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the solar system, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, π-shepherded TNOs.

AB - We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP519, an extreme trans-Neptunian object (TNO) detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 au, perihelion of ∼36 au, and absolute magnitude H r = 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110 day observational arc, has a semimajor axis a ≈ 450 au, eccentricity e ≈ 0.92, and inclination i ≈ 547deg;. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP519 is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, , which is a conserved quantity at fixed semimajor axis a for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object and find that, under the influence of the four known giant planets, 2015 BP519 displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semimajor axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long-term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine hypothesis and find that 2015 BP519 adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the solar system, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, π-shepherded TNOs.

KW - Kuiper Belt objects: individual (2015 BP519)

KW - planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85051454585&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/aad042

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/aad042

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85051454585

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 156

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 81

ER -

Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination

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