Abstract
Laser Powder Direct Energy Deposition (LP-DED) allows for manufacturing of large components while still maintaining internal thin walls for heat exchanger applications. The LP-DED process has been matured for alloys including stainless steels, superalloys, and titanium, but has had very limited research using copper-based alloys, which are important for applications that require high thermal conductivity. This study quantifies the size effects on microstructure, surface metrology, microhardness, and mechanical response to tensile loads for different thicknesses and powder compositions of hot isostatic pressed (HIP) LP-DED Copper-Chromium-Niobium alloy, specifically GRCop-42. To accomplish this, tensile specimens were sectioned from single track build walls in both horizontal and vertical orientations to also investigate possible anisotropic behavior in the part. Results show that microstructure, hardness, surface metrology, and porosity are independent of wall thickness. Uniaxial loading response showed some variations with specimens orientation and size effects. For vertical specimens, thicker specimens showed a 6% higher elongation than thinner specimens. Horizontal specimens showed close to double the elongation when compared to vertical specimens, where thinner specimens had a higher reduction in elongation than thicker specimens. Additionally, removing the surface effects through polishing practically eliminated the anisotropic behavior between horizontal and vertical specimens along with the observed size effects. To demonstrate size effects dependency on the manufacturing process comparison is made between GRCop-42 alloy produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and LP-DED.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 111035 |
| Journal | Materials and Design |
| Volume | 222 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 2022 |
Funding
This paper describes objective technical results and analysis under National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) contract number 80NSSC21M0319. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the NASA or the United States Government. The results from this study is solely for informational purposes and not an endorsement of any processes by the authors, their employers, or the publishing journal. This work was funded by NASA specifically through Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (SNP) and STMD Rapid Analysis and Manufacturing Propulsion Technology (RAMPT) projects. The authors would like to thank Dr. Ryan Wilkerson for his support on data analysis and crystallographic texture analysis. Sara Rengifo and Matthew Mazurkivich for their expertise on surface topography, data collection and interpretation. The authors would also like to thank Colton Katsarelis and Darren Tinker for sharing their expertise on GRCop-42 alloy, and RPMI for manufacturing the specimens. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis under National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) contract number 80NSSC21M0319. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the NASA or the United States Government. The results from this study is solely for informational purposes and not an endorsement of any processes by the authors, their employers, or the publishing journal. This work was funded by NASA specifically through Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (SNP) and STMD Rapid Analysis and Manufacturing Propulsion Technology (RAMPT) projects.
Keywords
- Additive Manufacturing
- Direct Energy Deposition
- Microstructure
- Size Effects
- Thin-Walled Structures
