Direct recycling of spent nickel-rich cathodes in reciprocal ternary molten salts

Tao Wang; Huimin Luo; Yaocai Bai; Ilias Belharouak; K. Jayanthi; Mariappan Parans Paranthaman; Benjamin T. Manard; Evelyna Tsi Hsin Wang; Fulya Dogan; Seoung Bum Son; Brian J. Ingram; Qiang Dai; Sheng Dai

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233798

Direct recycling of spent nickel-rich cathodes in reciprocal ternary molten salts

Tao Wang, Huimin Luo, Yaocai Bai, Ilias Belharouak, K. Jayanthi, Mariappan Parans Paranthaman, Benjamin T. Manard, Evelyna Tsi Hsin Wang, Fulya Dogan, Seoung Bum Son, Brian J. Ingram, Qiang Dai, Sheng Dai

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), but the growing accumulation of end-of-life (EOL) batteries poses environmental challenges. Recycling high-value cathodes from EOL LIBs can minimize waste and reduce the need for mining critical minerals. This study focuses on the direct recycling of Ni-rich cathodes, particularly lithium-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) 622 in a “reciprocal ternary molten salts (RTMS)" system. The ionothermal relithiation in the RTMS system successfully restores the layered structure, lithium content, and electrochemical performance of the NMC 622 cathode, comparable to the pristine material. The cost analysis reveals that cathode regeneration through ionothermal relithiation is more economical than virgin production or conventional recycling methods.

Original language	English
Article number	233798
Journal	Journal of Power Sources
Volume	593
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233798
State	Published - Feb 15 2024

Funding

This research was performed through the Re-Cell Center, which gratefully acknowledges support from the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and the Vehicle Technologies Office. This manuscript has been authored in part by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). This research was performed through the Re-Cell Center, which gratefully acknowledges support from the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) , Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and the Vehicle Technologies Office. This manuscript has been authored in part by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).

Funders	Funder number
DOE Public Access Plan
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy	DE-AC05-00OR22725

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233798

Cite this

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title = "Direct recycling of spent nickel-rich cathodes in reciprocal ternary molten salts",

abstract = "Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), but the growing accumulation of end-of-life (EOL) batteries poses environmental challenges. Recycling high-value cathodes from EOL LIBs can minimize waste and reduce the need for mining critical minerals. This study focuses on the direct recycling of Ni-rich cathodes, particularly lithium-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) 622 in a “reciprocal ternary molten salts (RTMS){"} system. The ionothermal relithiation in the RTMS system successfully restores the layered structure, lithium content, and electrochemical performance of the NMC 622 cathode, comparable to the pristine material. The cost analysis reveals that cathode regeneration through ionothermal relithiation is more economical than virgin production or conventional recycling methods.",

author = "Tao Wang and Huimin Luo and Yaocai Bai and Ilias Belharouak and K. Jayanthi and Paranthaman, {Mariappan Parans} and Manard, {Benjamin T.} and Wang, {Evelyna Tsi Hsin} and Fulya Dogan and Son, {Seoung Bum} and Ingram, {Brian J.} and Qiang Dai and Sheng Dai",

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AU - Wang, Tao

AU - Luo, Huimin

AU - Bai, Yaocai

AU - Belharouak, Ilias

AU - Jayanthi, K.

AU - Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans

AU - Manard, Benjamin T.

AU - Wang, Evelyna Tsi Hsin

AU - Dogan, Fulya

AU - Son, Seoung Bum

AU - Ingram, Brian J.

AU - Dai, Qiang

AU - Dai, Sheng

PY - 2024/2/15

Y1 - 2024/2/15

N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), but the growing accumulation of end-of-life (EOL) batteries poses environmental challenges. Recycling high-value cathodes from EOL LIBs can minimize waste and reduce the need for mining critical minerals. This study focuses on the direct recycling of Ni-rich cathodes, particularly lithium-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) 622 in a “reciprocal ternary molten salts (RTMS)" system. The ionothermal relithiation in the RTMS system successfully restores the layered structure, lithium content, and electrochemical performance of the NMC 622 cathode, comparable to the pristine material. The cost analysis reveals that cathode regeneration through ionothermal relithiation is more economical than virgin production or conventional recycling methods.

AB - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), but the growing accumulation of end-of-life (EOL) batteries poses environmental challenges. Recycling high-value cathodes from EOL LIBs can minimize waste and reduce the need for mining critical minerals. This study focuses on the direct recycling of Ni-rich cathodes, particularly lithium-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) 622 in a “reciprocal ternary molten salts (RTMS)" system. The ionothermal relithiation in the RTMS system successfully restores the layered structure, lithium content, and electrochemical performance of the NMC 622 cathode, comparable to the pristine material. The cost analysis reveals that cathode regeneration through ionothermal relithiation is more economical than virgin production or conventional recycling methods.

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VL - 593

JO - Journal of Power Sources

JF - Journal of Power Sources

M1 - 233798

ER -

Direct recycling of spent nickel-rich cathodes in reciprocal ternary molten salts

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

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