Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a family of nonconventional molten salts that offer many advantages, such as negligible vapor pressures, negligible flammability, wide liquidus ranges, good thermal stability, and much synthesis flexibility. The unique solvation environment of these ILs provides new reaction or flux media for controlling formation of solid-state materials with a minimum perturbation of morphologies. A successful lithiation via ionothermal synthesis using a cost-effective Li halide as Li source and recyclable ILs as solvents is reported here for the direct recycling of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM 111) cathodes. In addition, the ionic liquids can be readily recycled and reused after ionothermal lithiation. The lithiation of spent cathodes can enable the direct recycling of spent cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2001204 |
| Journal | Advanced Energy Materials |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 30 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 1 2020 |
Funding
Part of this research was performed through the ReCell Center, which gratefully acknowledges support from the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and the Vehicle Technologies Office. The authors thank Dr. Kris Pupek, Dr. Erik Dahl, and Dr. Bryant Polzin from Argonne National Laboratory for providing pristine and delithiated NCM 111. This manuscript was authored by UT‐Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DEAC05‐00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research by the DOE Public Access Plan. Part of this research was performed through the ReCell Center, which gratefully acknowledges support from the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and the Vehicle Technologies Office. The authors thank Dr. Kris Pupek, Dr. Erik Dahl, and Dr. Bryant Polzin from Argonne National Laboratory for providing pristine and delithiated NCM 111. This manuscript was authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research by the DOE Public Access Plan.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| U. S. Department of Energy | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy | |
| Argonne National Laboratory | DEAC05-00OR22725 |
Keywords
- batteries
- direct recycling
- ionic liquids
- ionothermal synthesis
- structure–property relationships
