Direct Air Capture of CO2Using Solvents

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Abstract

Large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs) that permanently remove CO2from the atmosphere is now considered essential for limiting the global temperature increase to less than 2°C by the end of this century. One promising NET is direct air capture (DAC), a technology that employs engineered chemical processes to remove atmospheric carbon dioxide, potentially at the scale of billions of metric tons per year. This review highlights one of the two main approaches to DAC based on aqueous solvents. The discussion focuses on different aspects of DAC with solvents, starting with the fundamental chemistry that includes the chemical species and reactions involved and the thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2binding and release. Chemical engineering aspects are also discussed, including air-liquid contactor design, process development, and technoeconomic assessments to estimate the cost of the DAC technologies. Various solvents employed in DAC are reviewed, from aqueous alkaline solutions (NaOH, KOH) to aqueous amines, amino acids, and peptides, along with different solvent regeneration methods, from the traditional thermal swinging to the more exploratory carbonate crystallization with guanidines or electrochemical methods.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)217-234
Number of pages18
JournalAnnual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Volume13
DOIs
StatePublished - 2022

Keywords

  • alkaline base
  • amino acid
  • aqueous solvent
  • carbon dioxide removal
  • negative emissions technologies

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