Differences in spore size and atmospheric survival shape stark contrasts in the dispersal dynamics of two closely related fungal pathogens

Jacob J. Golan; Daniele Lagomarsino Oneto; Shunping Ding; Richard Kessenich; Melvin Sandler; Tomás A. Rush; Daniel Levitis; Amanda Gevens; Agnese Seminara; Anne Pringle

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101298

Differences in spore size and atmospheric survival shape stark contrasts in the dispersal dynamics of two closely related fungal pathogens

Jacob J. Golan, Daniele Lagomarsino Oneto, Shunping Ding, Richard Kessenich, Melvin Sandler, Tomás A. Rush, Daniel Levitis, Amanda Gevens, Agnese Seminara, Anne Pringle

Integrative Microbiomics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

A frequently ignored but critical aspect of microbial dispersal is survival in the atmosphere. We exposed spores of two closely related, morphologically dissimilar, and economically important fungal pathogens to typical atmospheric environments and modeled their movement in the troposphere. Alternaria solani conidia are nearly 10 times larger than A. alternata conidia, but in our experiments, most died within 24 h, while over half of A. alternata conidia remained viable on day 12. Next, we modeled the movement of spores across North America. We predict 99% of the larger A. solani conidia settle within 24 h, with a maximum dispersal distance of 100 km. By contrast, most A. alternata conidia remain airborne for more than 12 days, and dispersal over long distances(2000 km) is likely. Counterintuitively, the larger A. solani conidia survive poorly, as compared to smaller A. alternata conidia, but also land sooner and move over shorter distances.

Original language	English
Article number	101298
Journal	Fungal Ecology
Volume	66
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101298
State	Published - Dec 2023

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge support from UW-Madison's Botany Department and funding from the United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch 1013478. In addition, J.G. was funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, North American Mycological Association Memorial Fellowship, and a Botany Department E.K. and O.N. A.S. and D.L.O. were funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 101002724 RIDING); the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA8655-20-1-7028. Allen Fellowship. T.A.R. was funded by the Genomic Sciences Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, as part of the Plant-Microbe Interfaces Scientific Focus Area at ORNL (http://pmi.ornl.gov); Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC05-00OR22725. We are also grateful to C\u00E9cile An\u00E9 and Andrea Mazzino for their expertise and guidance throughout, and to Doug Sykes for making this study possible.

Keywords

Alternaria
HYSPLIT
fungal dispersal
movement ecology

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10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101298

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title = "Differences in spore size and atmospheric survival shape stark contrasts in the dispersal dynamics of two closely related fungal pathogens",

abstract = "A frequently ignored but critical aspect of microbial dispersal is survival in the atmosphere. We exposed spores of two closely related, morphologically dissimilar, and economically important fungal pathogens to typical atmospheric environments and modeled their movement in the troposphere. Alternaria solani conidia are nearly 10 times larger than A. alternata conidia, but in our experiments, most died within 24 h, while over half of A. alternata conidia remained viable on day 12. Next, we modeled the movement of spores across North America. We predict 99% of the larger A. solani conidia settle within 24 h, with a maximum dispersal distance of 100 km. By contrast, most A. alternata conidia remain airborne for more than 12 days, and dispersal over long distances(2000 km) is likely. Counterintuitively, the larger A. solani conidia survive poorly, as compared to smaller A. alternata conidia, but also land sooner and move over shorter distances.",

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AU - Golan, Jacob J.

AU - Lagomarsino Oneto, Daniele

AU - Ding, Shunping

AU - Kessenich, Richard

AU - Sandler, Melvin

AU - Rush, Tomás A.

AU - Levitis, Daniel

AU - Gevens, Amanda

AU - Seminara, Agnese

AU - Pringle, Anne

PY - 2023/12

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N2 - A frequently ignored but critical aspect of microbial dispersal is survival in the atmosphere. We exposed spores of two closely related, morphologically dissimilar, and economically important fungal pathogens to typical atmospheric environments and modeled their movement in the troposphere. Alternaria solani conidia are nearly 10 times larger than A. alternata conidia, but in our experiments, most died within 24 h, while over half of A. alternata conidia remained viable on day 12. Next, we modeled the movement of spores across North America. We predict 99% of the larger A. solani conidia settle within 24 h, with a maximum dispersal distance of 100 km. By contrast, most A. alternata conidia remain airborne for more than 12 days, and dispersal over long distances(2000 km) is likely. Counterintuitively, the larger A. solani conidia survive poorly, as compared to smaller A. alternata conidia, but also land sooner and move over shorter distances.

AB - A frequently ignored but critical aspect of microbial dispersal is survival in the atmosphere. We exposed spores of two closely related, morphologically dissimilar, and economically important fungal pathogens to typical atmospheric environments and modeled their movement in the troposphere. Alternaria solani conidia are nearly 10 times larger than A. alternata conidia, but in our experiments, most died within 24 h, while over half of A. alternata conidia remained viable on day 12. Next, we modeled the movement of spores across North America. We predict 99% of the larger A. solani conidia settle within 24 h, with a maximum dispersal distance of 100 km. By contrast, most A. alternata conidia remain airborne for more than 12 days, and dispersal over long distances(2000 km) is likely. Counterintuitively, the larger A. solani conidia survive poorly, as compared to smaller A. alternata conidia, but also land sooner and move over shorter distances.

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Differences in spore size and atmospheric survival shape stark contrasts in the dispersal dynamics of two closely related fungal pathogens

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Keywords

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